Health Behavior Theory Flashcards
Health Belief Model (HBM)
Predicts why people will take action to prevent, to screen for, or to control illness conditions; including susceptibility, seriousness, benefits, or barriers to a behavior, cues to action, and self-efficacy
Perceived Susceptibility (HBM)
One’s opinion of chances of getting a condition
Perceived Severity (HBM)
One’s opinion of how serious a condition is and what its consequences are
Perceived Benefits (HBM)
One’s belief in the efficacy of the advised action to reduce risk or seriousness of impact
Perceived Barriers (HBM)
One’s opinion of the tangible and psychological costs of the advised action
Cues to Action (HBM)
Strategies to activate “readiness”
Self-Efficacy (HBM)
Confidence in one’s ability to take action
Social Cognitive Theory (SCT)
Human behavior is the product of the dynamic interplay between personal, behavioral, and environmental influences. Focuses on people’s potential abilities to alter and construct environments to suit purposes they devise for themselves.
Reciprocal Determinism (SCT)
Environmental factors influence individuals and groups, but individuals and groups can also influence their environments and regulate their own bx
Outcome Expectations (SCT)
Beliefs about the likelihood and value of the consequences of behavioral choices
Self-efficacy (SCT)
Beliefs about personal ability to perform behaviors that bring desired outcomes
Collective Efficacy (SCT)
Beliefs about the ability of a group to perform concerted actions that bring desired outcomes
Observational Learning (SCT)
Learning to perform new behaviors by exposure to interpersonal or media displays of them, particularly through peer modeling
Incentive Motivation (SCT)
The use and misuse of rewards and punishments to modify behavior
Facilitation (SCT)
Providing tools, resources, or environmental changes that make new behaviors easier to perform
Self-Regulation (SCT)
Controlling oneself through self-monitoring, goal-setting, feedback, self reward, self-instruction, and enlistment of social support
Moral Disengagement (SCT)
Ways of thinking about harmful behaviors and the people who are harmed that make infliction of suffering acceptable by disengaging self-regulatory moral standards
How do you increase self-efficacy?
Mastery experience
Social modeling
Improving physical and emotional states
Verbal persuasion
Transtheoretical Model/Stages of Change (TTM)
Uses stages of change to integrate processes and principles of change across major theories of intervention.
Precontemplation (TTM)
No intention to take action w/in 6 months
Contemplation (TTM)
Intends to take action w/in 6 months
Preparation (TTM)
Intends to take action within the next 30 days and has taken some behavioral steps in this direction
Action (TTM)
Changed overt bx for less than 6 months
Maintenance (TTM)
Changed overt behavior for more than 6 months
Termination (TTM)
No temptation to relapse and 100% confidence
What are some processes of change according to the trans theoretical model?
Consciousness raising Dramatic relief Self-reevaluation Environmental reevaluation Self-liberation Helping relationships Counterconditioning Reinforcement management Stimulus control Social liberation
Social Ecological Model (SEM)
Emphasize the environmental and policy contexts of behavior, while incorporating social and psychological influences. Individual, interpersonal, organizational, community, public policy
Principles of ecological perspectives of health behavior change
Multiple levels of factors influence health behaviors
Influences interact across levels
Multi-level interventions should be most effective in changing behavior
Ecological models are most powerful when they are behavior-specific
What are the biological, psychological, and social reasons why people continue to smoke?
Nicotine is addictive (biological)
Expectations about smoking, coping mechanism, regulates negative mood, and increases attention (psychological)
Social groups, SES, culture, availability of tobacco, connection of smoking with life activities (social)
Smoking Assessment and Treatment
Policy Changes: increasing costs of cigarettes, taxes, smoke-free workplaces, counter advertising
PCPs are the ones most seen for cessation support Ask, Advise, Assess, Assist, Arrange
Pharmacotherapies
CBT Counseling challenges and reframes unproductive thoughts and bxs
Factors that contribute to obesity
Genetic vulnerability Family behavior patterns Low SES Stress and depression Eating and exercise patterns within social networks Yo-yo dieting
CBT Intervention for Obesity
Self-monitoring Stimulus control Controlling over-eating Adding exercise Controlling self-talk Stress management Social Support Relapse prevention
Principles of Motivational Interviewing
Express Empathy
Develop Discrepancy
Roll with Resistance
Support Self-Efficacy
How does stress affect health?
Physiologically
Unhealthy behaviors
Fewer psychosocial resources
Reduced use of health services and adherence
Coping Interventions
Mindfulness-based interventions Expressive writing Self-affirmation Relaxation training Goal setting and time management Self-monitoring, cognitive restructuring, assertiveness
Pain control techniques
Pharmacological (morphine, acetaminophen) Surgical Sensory (counterirritation) Biofeedback Relaxation training Distraction Coping skills training CBT techniques (re-conceptualize the problem, recognize the patient's active role, monitor thoughts and feelings and behaviors, teach adaptive responses, prevent relapse, help control emotional responses to pain)
What is community-based participatory research
A collaborative approach to research that equitably involves all partners in the research process and recognizes the unique strengths that each brings. CBPR begins with a research topic of importance to the community and has the aim of combining knowledge with action and achieving social change to improve community health and eliminate health disparities.
Biological Risk Factors of Coronary Heart Disease
Metabolic Syndrome
Cardiovascular Reactivity
Heritability
Social Risk Factors of CHD
Low SES Work Social instability Social support Early family environment
Psychological Risk Factors of CHD
Depression Stress and anxiety Helplessness, pessimism Hostility, anger Positive emotions protective
Interventions for Chronic Illness
CBT Coping skills Expressive writing Relaxation/Mindfulness Exercise Social Support (groups) Teaching family members Art, music, etc.
How do you improve immune functioning through lifestyle changes?
Stress management Expressive writing Relaxation Meditation Yoga Tai Chi
Psychosocial Interventions for Cancer
CBT for stress, depression, pain, fatigue, appetite MBSR Exercise Smoking Cessation Expressive Writing Individual Therapy Family Therapy Group Therapy Support Groups
Placebo Effect in the Brain
Placebos can stimulate endogenous opioids
fMRI show reduced pain after taking placebo and associated with decreased activity in pain-sensitive brain regions
Determinants of the Placebo Effect
Provider Behavior
Patient Cognitions
Situational Factors
