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Health Psychology > Health Behavior Theory > Flashcards

Health Behavior Theory Flashcards

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1
Q

Health Belief Model (HBM)

A

Predicts why people will take action to prevent, to screen for, or to control illness conditions; including susceptibility, seriousness, benefits, or barriers to a behavior, cues to action, and self-efficacy

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2
Q

Perceived Susceptibility (HBM)

A

One’s opinion of chances of getting a condition

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3
Q

Perceived Severity (HBM)

A

One’s opinion of how serious a condition is and what its consequences are

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4
Q

Perceived Benefits (HBM)

A

One’s belief in the efficacy of the advised action to reduce risk or seriousness of impact

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5
Q

Perceived Barriers (HBM)

A

One’s opinion of the tangible and psychological costs of the advised action

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6
Q

Cues to Action (HBM)

A

Strategies to activate “readiness”

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7
Q

Self-Efficacy (HBM)

A

Confidence in one’s ability to take action

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8
Q

Social Cognitive Theory (SCT)

A

Human behavior is the product of the dynamic interplay between personal, behavioral, and environmental influences. Focuses on people’s potential abilities to alter and construct environments to suit purposes they devise for themselves.

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9
Q

Reciprocal Determinism (SCT)

A

Environmental factors influence individuals and groups, but individuals and groups can also influence their environments and regulate their own bx

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10
Q

Outcome Expectations (SCT)

A

Beliefs about the likelihood and value of the consequences of behavioral choices

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11
Q

Self-efficacy (SCT)

A

Beliefs about personal ability to perform behaviors that bring desired outcomes

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12
Q

Collective Efficacy (SCT)

A

Beliefs about the ability of a group to perform concerted actions that bring desired outcomes

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13
Q

Observational Learning (SCT)

A

Learning to perform new behaviors by exposure to interpersonal or media displays of them, particularly through peer modeling

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14
Q

Incentive Motivation (SCT)

A

The use and misuse of rewards and punishments to modify behavior

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15
Q

Facilitation (SCT)

A

Providing tools, resources, or environmental changes that make new behaviors easier to perform

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16
Q

Self-Regulation (SCT)

A

Controlling oneself through self-monitoring, goal-setting, feedback, self reward, self-instruction, and enlistment of social support

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17
Q

Moral Disengagement (SCT)

A

Ways of thinking about harmful behaviors and the people who are harmed that make infliction of suffering acceptable by disengaging self-regulatory moral standards

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18
Q

How do you increase self-efficacy?

A

Mastery experience
Social modeling
Improving physical and emotional states
Verbal persuasion

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19
Q

Transtheoretical Model/Stages of Change (TTM)

A

Uses stages of change to integrate processes and principles of change across major theories of intervention.

20
Q

Precontemplation (TTM)

A

No intention to take action w/in 6 months

21
Q

Contemplation (TTM)

A

Intends to take action w/in 6 months

22
Q

Preparation (TTM)

A

Intends to take action within the next 30 days and has taken some behavioral steps in this direction

23
Q

Action (TTM)

A

Changed overt bx for less than 6 months

24
Q

Maintenance (TTM)

A

Changed overt behavior for more than 6 months

25
Q

Termination (TTM)

A

No temptation to relapse and 100% confidence

26
Q

What are some processes of change according to the trans theoretical model?

A 
Consciousness raising
Dramatic relief
Self-reevaluation
Environmental reevaluation
Self-liberation
Helping relationships
Counterconditioning
Reinforcement management
Stimulus control
Social liberation
27
Q

Social Ecological Model (SEM)

A

Emphasize the environmental and policy contexts of behavior, while incorporating social and psychological influences. Individual, interpersonal, organizational, community, public policy

28
Q

Principles of ecological perspectives of health behavior change

A

Multiple levels of factors influence health behaviors
Influences interact across levels
Multi-level interventions should be most effective in changing behavior
Ecological models are most powerful when they are behavior-specific

29
Q

What are the biological, psychological, and social reasons why people continue to smoke?

A

Nicotine is addictive (biological)
Expectations about smoking, coping mechanism, regulates negative mood, and increases attention (psychological)
Social groups, SES, culture, availability of tobacco, connection of smoking with life activities (social)

30
Q

Smoking Assessment and Treatment

A

Policy Changes: increasing costs of cigarettes, taxes, smoke-free workplaces, counter advertising
PCPs are the ones most seen for cessation support Ask, Advise, Assess, Assist, Arrange
Pharmacotherapies
CBT Counseling challenges and reframes unproductive thoughts and bxs

31
Q

Factors that contribute to obesity

A 
Genetic vulnerability
Family behavior patterns
Low SES
Stress and depression
Eating and exercise patterns within social networks
Yo-yo dieting
32
Q

CBT Intervention for Obesity

A 
Self-monitoring
Stimulus control
Controlling over-eating
Adding exercise
Controlling self-talk
Stress management
Social Support
Relapse prevention
33
Q

Principles of Motivational Interviewing

A

Express Empathy
Develop Discrepancy
Roll with Resistance
Support Self-Efficacy

34
Q

How does stress affect health?

A

Physiologically
Unhealthy behaviors
Fewer psychosocial resources
Reduced use of health services and adherence

35
Q

Coping Interventions

A 
Mindfulness-based interventions
Expressive writing
Self-affirmation
Relaxation training
Goal setting and time management 
Self-monitoring, cognitive restructuring, assertiveness
36
Q

Pain control techniques

A 
Pharmacological (morphine, acetaminophen)
Surgical
Sensory (counterirritation)
Biofeedback
Relaxation training
Distraction
Coping skills training
CBT techniques (re-conceptualize the problem, recognize the patient's active role, monitor thoughts and feelings and behaviors, teach adaptive responses, prevent relapse, help control emotional responses to pain)
37
Q

What is community-based participatory research

A

A collaborative approach to research that equitably involves all partners in the research process and recognizes the unique strengths that each brings. CBPR begins with a research topic of importance to the community and has the aim of combining knowledge with action and achieving social change to improve community health and eliminate health disparities.

38
Q

Biological Risk Factors of Coronary Heart Disease

A

Metabolic Syndrome
Cardiovascular Reactivity
Heritability

39
Q

Social Risk Factors of CHD

A 
Low SES
Work
Social instability
Social support
Early family environment
40
Q

Psychological Risk Factors of CHD

A 
Depression
Stress and anxiety
Helplessness, pessimism
Hostility, anger
Positive emotions protective
41
Q

Interventions for Chronic Illness

A 
CBT
Coping skills
Expressive writing
Relaxation/Mindfulness
Exercise
Social Support (groups)
Teaching family members
Art, music, etc.
42
Q

How do you improve immune functioning through lifestyle changes?

A 
Stress management
Expressive writing
Relaxation
Meditation
Yoga
Tai Chi
43
Q

Psychosocial Interventions for Cancer

A 
CBT for stress, depression, pain, fatigue, appetite
MBSR
Exercise
Smoking Cessation
Expressive Writing
Individual Therapy
Family Therapy
Group Therapy
Support Groups
44
Q

Placebo Effect in the Brain

A

Placebos can stimulate endogenous opioids

fMRI show reduced pain after taking placebo and associated with decreased activity in pain-sensitive brain regions

45
Q

Determinants of the Placebo Effect

A

Provider Behavior
Patient Cognitions
Situational Factors

Health Psychology (1 decks)

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