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Health Assessment: Ears > Health Assessment: Ears > Flashcards

Health Assessment: Ears Flashcards

1
Q

What are the ears?

A

The sensory organ for hearing and equilibrium

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2
Q

What are the three parts of the ear?

A

External ear
Middle ear
Inner ear

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3
Q

What is the external ear called?

A

The Auricle or Pinna and it consists of movable cartilage and skin

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4
Q

What is the external ear?

A

The external ear has a characteric shape and serves to funnel sound waves into its opening which is the external auditory canal

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5
Q

What does the auditory canal do

A

Its lined with glands that secret cerumen which is a yellow waxy material that lubricates and protect the ear

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6
Q

What does wax do?

A

It forms a sticky barrier that helps keep foreign bodies from entering and reaching the sensitive tympanic membrane

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7
Q

What does the typmanic membrane or eardrum separate?

A

It separates the external and middle ear

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8
Q

What is the tympanic membrane?

A

It is a translucent membrane of a pearly gray color and a prominent cone of light in the anteriorinferior quandrant

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9
Q

Describe the drum

A

It is oval and slightly concave, it is pulled in at its center by one of the middle ear ossicles called the malleus

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10
Q

What are parts of the malleus that show through the translucent drum?

A

the umbo, manubrium, and the short process

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11
Q

What is the Pars Flaccida?

A

the small slack superior section of the tympanic membrane

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12
Q

What is Paars Tensa

A

Part of drum which is thicker and more taut

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13
Q

What does the binaural interaction at the level of the brainstem permits?

A

Identification and location of the direction of the sound

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14
Q

What does the first episode of Otitis Media that occurs within three months increase

A

It increase the risk of recurrent OM- three episodes in the past three months or four episondes in the past year

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15
Q

What does the labyrinth maintain

A

The body’s equilibrium

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16
Q

When an otoscope examiniation is performed on an older adult the tympanic membrane may be?

A

Whiter than that of a younger adult. It may also appear more opaque and dull

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17
Q

Why is it more difficult to see the eardrum in a neonate?

A

The position of the eardrum is more horozontal making it more difficult to see completly and harder to differentiate from the canal wall

18
Q

If the tympanic membrane has whhite dense areas, the examiner suspects?

A

Scarring from recurrent ear infections

19
Q

What is the annulus?

A

Outer fibrous rim of the drum

20
Q

What is the middle ear?

A

A tiny air filled cavity inside the temporal bone, it contains the malleus, incus, and stapes

21
Q

What are the openings of the middle ear?

A

The outer ear is covered by the tympanic membrane.
The inner ear are the oval windowns at the end of the stapes and round window.
Eustachian tube which connects the middles ear with nasopharynx and allows passage of air

22
Q

What are the three functions of the the middles ear

A

conducts sound vibration from outer ear to central hearing apparatus in the inner ear.
Protects the inner ear by reducing the amplitude of loud sounds
eustachian tube allows equalization of air pressure on each side of tympanic membrane

23
Q

What does the inner ear contain?

A

It contains the bony labyrinth- which holds the sensory organs for equilibrium and hearing

24
Q

What are the functions of hearing?

A

It involves the auditory systme at three levels; the peripheral, brainstem, and cerebral cortex

25
Q

the peripheral level

A

Ear transmit sound and converts its vibration into electrical impulses; which can be analyzed by the brain

26
Q

Brains stem level

A

Is the binaural interaction -which permit locating the directio of a sound in space as well as identifying the sound

27
Q

Where does cranial nerve viii sends signals to

A

From each ear to both sides of the brainstem

28
Q

What are the pathways of hearing

A

Normal pathway of hearing is air conduction which is the most efficient, and an alternate route of hearing is by bone conduction- bones skull vibrate

29
Q

What is conductive hearing loss

A

Involves a mechanical dysfuntion of the external or middle ear, may be caused by impacted cerumen, foreign bodies, a perforated tympanic membrane, pus or serum in the middle ear

30
Q

What is sensorineural loss

A

signifies pathology of inner ear, cranial nerve viii or the auditory areas of the cerebral cortex

31
Q

Sensorineural loss may be caused by

A

prebycusis a gradual nerve degeneration that occurs with aging and by ototoxic drugs

32
Q

what is a mixed loss

A

combination of conductive and sensorineural types in the same ear

33
Q

Equilibrium

A

the labyrinth in the inner ear constantly feeds information to your brain about your body’s position, if the labyrinth becomes inflammed vertigo occurs

34
Q

Infants eustachian tube

A

Is relatively shorter and wider and its position is more horozontal than that of the adults, so its easier for pathogens from naspharynx to migrate through to middle ear

35
Q

Ostosclerosis in adults

A

common cause of conductive hearing loss in young adults btw the ages of 20-40
a gradual hardening that cause the footplate of the stapes to become fixed in the oval window

36
Q

Darwins tuberacle

A

A small painless nodule at the helix

37
Q

What is microtia

A

ears smaller than 4 cm vertically

38
Q

what is macrotia

A

ears larger than 10 centimeters vertically

39
Q

Inspection with the otoscope

A

Pull the pinna up and and back on and adult or older child; pull the pinna down on infant and child younger than 3

40
Q

Cone shaped light reflex

A

Is prominent in the anteriornferior quadrant at the five olclock position in the right drum; and the seven oclock position in the left drum

41
Q

Pathway of hearing

A

AC is usually greater that BC
air conduction
bone conduction

Health Assessment: Ears (1 decks)

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