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Guidelines for Exercise Testing and Prescription > Health Appraisal and Risk Assessment > Flashcards

Health Appraisal and Risk Assessment Flashcards

1
Q

Exercise

A

A type of physical activity consisting of planned, structured and repetitive bodily movement done to improve or maintain one or more components of physical fitness.

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2
Q

Physical Fitness

A

A set of attributes or characteristics individuals have or achieve that relates to their ability to preform physical activity.

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3
Q

What are the two components of physical fitness?

A

Health-related and Skill-related

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4
Q

What are the Health-related physical fitness components? (5)

A 
Cardiorespiratory endurance
Body composition
Muscular strength
Muscular endurance
Flexibility
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5
Q

What are the Skill-related physical fitness components? (6)

A 
Agility
Coordination
Balance
Power
Reaction time
Speed
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6
Q

Cardiorespiratory endurance

A

The ability of the circulatory and respiratory system to supply oxygen during sustained physical activity

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7
Q

Body composition

A

The relative amounts of: Muscle, Fat, Bone, and other vital parts of the body.

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8
Q

Muscular strength

A

The ability of muscle to exert force

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9
Q

Muscular endurance

A

The ability of muscle to continue to preform without fatigue

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10
Q

Flexibility

A

Range of motion available at a joint

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11
Q

Agility

A

The ability to change the position of the body in space with speed and accuracy

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12
Q

Coordination

A

The ability to use the senses, such as sight and hearing, together with body parts in performing tasks smoothly and accurately

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13
Q

Balance

A

The maintenance of equilibrium while stationary or moving

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14
Q

Power

A

The ability or rate at which one can preform work

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15
Q

Reaction time

A

The time elapsed between stimulation and the beginning of the reaction to it

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16
Q

Speed

A

The ability to preform a movement within a short period of time

17
Q

Common methods for quantifying relative intensity of physical activity (5)

A 
Specifying the percentage of:
Oxygen uptake (VO2R)
Oxygen consumption (VO2)
Heart rate reserve (HRR)
Heart rate (HR)
Metabolic equivalents (METs)
18
Q

Metabolic equivalents intensity classification (3)

A

Intense >5.9 METs
Moderate 3.1 - 5.9
Light

19
Q

Physical Activity

A

Any bodily movement produced by the contraction of the skeletal muscles that results in a substantial increase in caloric requirements over resting energy expenditure.

20
Q

The characteristic that indicates that some exercise is better than none and, up to a point, more is better than less.

A

Dose responsiveness

21
Q

What is more correlated to risk prevention, physical activity or physical fitness?

A

Physical fitness

22
Q

Health outcomes with high evidence of doze response relationship with physical activity (5)

A 
All cause mortality
Cardiorespiratory health
Weight loss
Joint health
Muscle health
23
Q

Health outcomes with moderate evidence of doze response relationship with physical activity (6)

A 
Metabolic health
Weight maintenance following weight loss
Bone health
Colon cancer
Breast cancer
Depression and distress
24
Q

Health outcomes with weak evidence of doze response relationship with physical activity (4)

A

Weight maintenance
Anxiety
Cognitive health
Sleep

25
Q

Offitial ASCM-AHA primary physical activity recomendations (5)

A

Healthy adults aged 18–65 yr should participate in moderate intensity, aerobic physical activity for a minimum of 30 min on 5 d * wk or vigorous intensity, aerobic activity for a minimum of 20 min on 3 d * wk.

Combinations of intensity are encouraged

Moderate intensity aerobic activity can be done along the day with sessions of at least 10 minutes

Muscular strength exercies at least 2 d * wk

Greater amount of physical activity = lesser risks

26
Q

What is the level of risk of healthy individuals preforming moderate intensity physical activity?

A

Low risk of sudden cardiac arrest

Low risk of Myocardial infraction (MI)

27
Q

What are the general benefits of physical activity and/or exercise? (8)

A

Decreased anxiety and depression
Improved cognitive function
Enhanced physical function and independent living in older individuals
Enhanced feelings of well-being
Enhanced performance of work, recreational, and sport activities
Reduced risk of falls and injuries from falls in older individuals
Prevention or mitigation of functional limitations in older adults
Effective therapy for many chronic diseases in older adults

28
Q

What are the main cardiovascular causes of exercise-related sudden death in young athletes? (3)

A

Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy (CM)
Probable Hypertrophic CM
Coronary anomalies

29
Q

What are the improvements in cardiovascular and respiratory funcions gained by the regular practice of physical activity and/or exercise? (7)

A

Increased maximal oxygen uptake resulting from both central and peripheral adaptations
Decreased minute ventilation at a given absolute submaximal intensity
Decreased myocardial oxygen cost for a given absolute submaximal intensity
Decreased heart rate and blood pressure at a given submaximal intensity
Increased capillary density in skeletal muscle
Increased exercise threshold for the accumulation of lactate in the blood
Increased exercise threshold for the onset of disease signs or symptoms (e.g., angina pectoris, ischemic ST-segment depression, claudication)

30
Q

What are the indicators of REDUCTION IN CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE RISK FACTORS by the regular practice of physical activity and/or exercise? (6)

A

Reduced resting systolic/diastolic pressure
Increased serum high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and decreased serum triglycerides
Reduced total body fat, reduced intra-abdominal fat
Reduced insulin needs, improved glucose tolerance
Reduced blood platelet adhesiveness and aggregation
Reduced inflammation

31
Q

What are the indicators of DECREASED MORBIDITY AND MORTALITY by the regular practice of physical activity and/or exercise? (2)

A

Primary prevention
Lower death rates from coronary artery disease
Lower incidence rates for CVD, CAD, stroke, Type 2 diabetes mellitus, metabolic syndrome, osteoporotic fractures, cancer of the colon and breast, and gallbladder disease

Secondary prevention (i.e., interventions after a cardiac event to prevent another)
Cardiovascular and all-cause mortality are reduced in patients with post-myocardial infarction (MI) who participate in cardiac rehabilitation exercise training, especially as a component of multifactorial risk factor reduction
32
Q

Why is Cardiac death or acute MI more prevalent in adults than in teenagers?

A

Higher prevalence of CVD

Guidelines for Exercise Testing and Prescription (1 decks)

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