Health - AOS1 = part b Flashcards
HIGH INTAKE OF SALT
cardiovascular disease = Leads to increased blood volume and hypertension which adds pressure to the heart and increases risk
Hypertension = high levels of sodium in the body can draw excess fluid out of cells which increased blood volume and hypertension
Osteoporosis = Excess sodium can cause calcium to be excreted in urine which can lead to reduced calcium in bones
HIGH INTAKE OF SUGAR
High BMI = sugar is stores as fat tissue which leads to weight gain/obesity
Dental disease = Sugar provides food source for bacteria in the mouth, this bacteria then produces acid which contributes to dental decay
LOW INTAKE OF FIBRE
Cardiovascular disease = Fibre attaches to LDL cholesterol particles and helps excrete them, a low intake of fibre will mean that there are high cholesterol levels
Colorectal cancer = Digestive system isn’t being cleaned with no fibre in the body which can increase risk of bowel and colorectal cancer.
Type 2 diabetes = Glucose will be absorbed which means the pancreas needs to work harder
LOW INTAKE OF IRON
ANAEMIA
A conditioned characterised by a reduces ability of the body to deliver oxygen to cells due to a lack of healthy red blood cells.
SMOKING
Cardiovascular disease = Reduced the amount of oxygen in blood, which increases blood pressure and puts more pressure on the heart
Cancer = Tobacco causes faults in body cells as they divide which can lead to tumours
Respiratory diseases = Tobacco smoke damages airways by causing inflammation an making it hard for oxygen to pass through
ALCOHOL
Cancer = Can change the way DNA is replicated which can cause tumours
High body mass index = alcohol contains kilojoules which ca contribute to a individual gaining weight
Liver disease - excessive consumption can cause scarring of liver tissue and increase risk of live not functioning properly
HIGH BMI
Cardiovascular disease = Leads to a greater strain on the heart which can increase risk of hypertension and atherosclerosis
Cancer = can affect the way some cells divide
Type 2 diabetes = Insulin isn’t produced or the body cant use it properly
UNDERCONSUMPTION OF DAIRY
Cardiovascular disease = Increase risk of coronary heart disease/hypertension and strokes
Type 2 diabetes = underconsumption leads to person consuming more sugary foods/drinks and crabs which increases risk of type 2 diabetes
Osteoporosis = Underconsumption means bones will be weak and susceptible to fracture
HIGH INTAKE OF FAT
Cardiovascular disease = fat leads to high cholesterol which leads to narrowed arteries and can lead to atherosclerosis
Type 2 diabetes = fats interfere with function of cell membranes which increases the impact of impaired glucose regulation
Colorectal cancer = Increases high body mass index
UNDERCONSUMPTION OF VEGETABLES
Cardiovascular disease & cancer = free radicals are not reduced which leads to healthy body cells being damaged
High BMI = not consuming vegetables can lead to weight gain
Neural tube defects = vegetables assist the development of the brain and spinal cord of the body
UNDERCONSUMPTION OF FRUITS
Cardiovascular disease & Cancer = Not consuming adequate nutrients can lead to damaged cells and obesity which can increase risk
High BMI = Those who eat fruit are more likely to feel fuller for longer and not eat as much
FREE RADICALS
Molecules that are formed when oxygen is metabolised
- can damage healthy body cells
- Increase risk of cancer and cardiovascular disease
TYPES OF FATS
UNHEALTHY FATS
- monounsaturated fats
- polyunsaturated fats
HEALTHY FATS
- saturated fats
- trans fats
ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS
The physical surroundings in which we live, work and play
- work environment
- housing
- urban design and infrastructure
- climate and climate change
SOCIOCULTURAL FACTORS
Social and cultural conditions that people are born into, work, grow, live and age
- SES
- unemployment
- social connections and social exclusion
- social isolation
- cultural norms
- food insecurity
- early life experiences
- access to health care
BIOLOGICAL FACTORS
Factors relating to the body that impact health and wellbeing
- Body weight
- genetics
- birth weight
- blood pressure
- blood cholesterol
- glucose regulation
RURAL VS URBAN - ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS
RURAL HAVE
- Poorer road quality/poorer lit roads
- reduced proximity to resources
- more dangerous working environments
- greater exposure to harsh weather
RURAL VS URBAN - SOCIOCULTURAL FACTORS
RURAL HAVE
- Lower incomes
- less access to education
- higher unemployment rates
- higher rates of social isolation
- Higher rates of food insecurity
RURAL VS URBAN - BIOLOGICAL FACTORS
RURAL HAVE
- higher rates of high BMI
- Higher blood cholesterol
- Higher rates of low birth weight babies
- Higher rates of hypertension
- More impaired glucose regulation
INDIGENOUS VS NON-INDIGENOUS = SOCIOCULTURAL FACTORS
INDIGENOUS ARE:
- more likely to experience low SES
- more likely to be unemployed
- discriminated against and face racism
- more likely to experience food insecurity as they have lower income
- Cultural norms may make them less likely to utilise western resources
INDIGENOUS VS NON-INDIGENOUS = BIOLOGICAL FACTORS
INDIGENOUS ARE
- more likely to have high BMI
- have hypertension
- higher rates of glucose impairment
- more likely to give birth to low weight babies
INDIGENOUS VS NON-INDIGENOUS = ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS
INDIGENOUS ARE
- less likely to have access to good quality homes
- less access to clean water and hygiene
- more hesitant to access western health services
- more exposed to dangerous infrastructure
HIGH VS LOW SES - ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS
LOW SES HAVE
- greater access to fast food
- poorer quality resources
- more dangerous working conditions
- poorer quality housing
HIGH VS LOW SES - SOCIOCULTURAL FACTORS
LOW SES HAS A LOWER
- income
- education levels
- healthy literacy
LOW SES ARE
- more likely to be unemployed
- higher rates of social exclusion
- more likely to experience food insecurity
- less likely to have access to health care
HIGH VS LOW SES - BIOLOGICAL FACTORS
LOW SES HAS
- higher hypertension rates
- higher impaired glucose regulation rates
- higher rates of low birth rate babies
- lower life expectancy
MALES VS FEMALES - ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS
WORK ENVIRONMENT
- males are more likey to work outdoors and in dangerous conditions
MALES VS FEMALES - SOCIOCULTURAL FACTORS
MALES HAVE
- higher SES
- more affected buy unemployment
- less likely to be careers
- more likely to are about physical appearnce
MALES VS FEMALES - BIOLOGICAL FACTORS
MALES HAVE
- higher BMI
- higher hypertension rates
- more likely to experience impaired glucose regulation
- higher life expectancy
