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Dental Health Promo > Health and Wellness > Flashcards

Health and Wellness Flashcards

1
Q

What are dental hygienists?

A

1 - Licensed primary healthcare provider
2 - Oral health educator
3 - Clinician providing preventive, educational and therapeutic services, for the total health of a patient, in control of oral diseases and for oral health promotion

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2
Q

Professional roles of the DH

A 
1 - clinician
2 - educator
3 - researcher
4 - administrator/manager
5 - advocates
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3
Q

What are the 3 main focuses of today’s healthcare system?

A
  1. Disease treatment
  2. Disease prevention
  3. Health Promotion
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4
Q

What are the 3 levels of preventive measures?

A
  1. Primary - stop the onset of disease
  2. Secondary - stop the progression of the disease in early asymptomatic stages
  3. Tertiary - prevent disability, restore function and prevent further deterioration
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5
Q

4 Elements of health field concept

A
  1. Human biology - basic human biology which includes physical and mental health
  2. Environment - everything external to our body
  3. Lifestyle - individual decisions
  4. Health care organization - quantity, quality and administration of our health care system
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6
Q

What are the 4 factors that the Health Belief Model theorizes will make individuals take preventive action?

A
  1. They are susceptible to the condition
  2. The condition has serious consequences
  3. They can take actions/interventions that will benefit them in reducing the severity or susceptibility to the disease
  4. The benefits outweigh the perceived barriers such as time, cost or other negatives
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7
Q

What strategies can health professionals use to promote health?

A
  • Health education
  • Collaboration
  • Mass media, community organizations
  • Advocacy and legislation
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8
Q

What are 2 infectious diseases in dentistry and what is the culprit in both?

A 
Dental caries and gingivitis/periodontal disease
Bacterial plaque (dental biofilm) is the cause for both, and control or elimination of biofilm will discontinue the disease process. Other factors can also influence the severity of the disease
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9
Q

What are dental caries?

A

Bacterial disease that causes tooth decay

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10
Q

What are the equations for caries?

A

Bacteria/biofilm + sugar = acid

Acid + tooth + time = decay/cavity

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11
Q

What are the 2 groups of bacteria found in the mouth that are responsible for dental caries?

A
  • Mutans streptococci

- Lactobacilli

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12
Q

What 3 factors must occur at the same time in order for a cavity to develop?

A
  • A susceptible tooth
  • Diet rich in fermentable carbohydrates (sugars)
  • Specific bacteria/biofilm (regardless of the other factors, caries cannot occur without bacteria)
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13
Q

How long do acid attacks last?

A

About 20 minutes, but pH doesn’t return to normal for about an hour

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14
Q

What is the critical pH for enamel demineralization?

A

4.5-5.5 pH

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15
Q

What is the critical pH for cementum demineralization on the root?

A

6.0-6.7 pH

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16
Q

Areas for development of caries

A
  • Pit and fissure caries (primarily on the occlusal surfaces and buccal and lingual grooves of posterior teeth, also lingual pits of maxillary incisors)
  • Smooth surface (caries occurring on intact enamel other than pits and tissues ie interproximal cervical areas)
  • Root surface (caries occurring on any surface of the root)
  • Secondary or recurrent (caries occurring on tooth surrounding a filling)
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17
Q

What are the stages of caries developments?

A
  • Demineralization - dissolving of calcium and phosphate from hydroxyapatite crystals
  • Remineralization (cycle between the 2) - calcium and phosphate being redeposited
  • Incipient lesion - earliest stages when caries begins to demineralize the enamel
  • Overt - characterized by cavitation (the development of a cavity or hole in the tooth)
  • Rampant - time between the onset of the incipient lesion and the development of the cavity is rapid and there are multiple lesions throughout the mouth
18
Q

What are early childhood caries?

A

Caries found in children commonly caused by leaving a child alone with a bottle containing sweet liquid at bed time (sugars feed the biofilm which will eventually cause caries). Prolonged at will breastfeeding can also be a cause

19
Q

Education for ECC

A

Educate parents early:

  • keep your mouths in good oral health
  • clean infant’s mouth daily, teeth or no teeth (rub child’s gums so they are more cooperative when teeth grow in)
  • no bottles at bed unless water
  • seek dental visits early
20
Q

Formation of root caries

A

Often found in the elderly, form more quickly on root surfaces than coronal surfaces because the cementum is weaker than enamel.

  • Gingival recession exposes the root
  • Caries starts near the CEJ
  • Enamel is not involved except by extension or undermining (spreading)
21
Q

Secondary or recurrent caries

A

Form in the spaces between the tooth and the margins of a restoration.

22
Q

What are the 3 roles of saliva?

A
  • Physical protection: provides a cleansing effect. More watery saliva is more effective in clearing carbs than thick, viscous saliva
  • Chemical protection: contains calcium, phosphorus and fluoride. Keeps calcium ready to be used during remineralization, other chemicals often used to neutralize acids after ingesting fermentable carbs
  • Antibacterial: substances in saliva work against bacteria
23
Q

What is the dental term for dry mouth?

A

Xerostomia

24
Q

How can we diagnose caries? (4 ways)

A
  • Detectable explorer “stick”
  • Radiographs
  • Visual
  • Laser caries detector
25
Q

What is the laser caries detector?

A

Used to diagnose caries and reveal bacterial activity under the enamel surface. Works because carious tooth structure is less dense and gives off a higher reading than non-carious tooth sturcture

26
Q

7 depths of decay

A
  1. incipient (less than 1/2 way through enamel)
  2. moderate lesions (more than 1/2 way through enamel)
  3. advanced lesions (through the enamel, to the dentin but less than 1/2 way to the pulp)
  4. Severe lesions (more than half way to the pulp)
  5. Rampant (large number of caries present)
  6. Arrested (carious lesion not getting any bigger)
  7. Recurrent (new caries around the margins of restorations)
27
Q

6 Factors that influence caries

A
  • Saliva
  • Positioning of teeth
  • Enamel composition
  • Fermentable carbohydrates
  • Home care
  • Unopposed teeth
28
Q

What is periodontal disease?

A

Disease process that causes inflammation and affects the structures and tissues surrounding the teeth. 75% of American/Canadian adults have some form of periodontal disease, but most are unaware

29
Q

What is a major factor in causing periodontal disease?

A

Dental plaque (biofilm). Calculus below the gums or above the gums provides an attachment surface for plaque

30
Q

What are the 2 basic forms of periodontal disease?

A
  • Gingival disease

- Periodontitis

31
Q

What is gingival disease/gingivitis?

A

Inflammation of the gingival tissue characterized by areas of redness and swelling, and there is a tendency for the gingiva to bleed easily. Limited to the epithelium and gingival connective tissue (does not cause a loss of connective tissue or bone or any tissue recession)

32
Q

What are 3 other types of gingivitis?

A
  • Hormonal influences (pregnancy)
  • Medications
  • Systemic conditions (diabetes, immune deficiencies)
33
Q

What is periodontitis?

A

The inflammation of the supporting tissues of the teeth. The extension of the inflammatory process from the gingiva into the connective tissue and alveolar bone that supports the teeth (can cause bone loss)

34
Q

Risk factors for periodontal disease

A
  • Smoking
  • Systemic conditions (ie. diabetes)
  • Poor oral hygiene
  • Osteoporosis
  • Medications
  • Stress
35
Q

Signs and symptoms of periodontal disease

A
  • Red, swollen, or tender gingiva
  • Bleeding gingiva while brushing or flossing
  • Loose or separating teeth
  • Pain or pressure when chewing
  • Exudate (pus) around teeth or gingiva
36
Q

5 key factors that influence interpersonal communication

A
  • Knowledge/development
  • Perceptions
  • Values
  • Emotions
  • Motivation
37
Q

How does knowledge affect interpersonal communication?

A

Technical terms vs laymen’s terms (be careful not to talk down to patients). Different levels of knowledge will affect how they understand you

38
Q

How do perceptions affect interpersonal communications?

A

Vary from person to person, basically how someone perceives your method of communication

39
Q

How do values affect interpersonal communications?

A

May have moral implications. Values can change by educating, but as educators we must:

  • be aware of our own values and show how they affect our planning and implementation
  • understand the patient’s values
  • don’t impose our values on them
40
Q

What are the 6 steps of changing behaviour

A 
1 - pre-contemplation 
2 - contemplation
3 - preparation
4 - action
5 - maintenance 
6 - (sometimes) relapse

Dental Health Promo (7 decks)

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