Health and Wellness Flashcards
Health
State of complete physical, mental, and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmary
Wellness
An active process of becoming aware of and making choices toward a healthy and fulfilling life
Physical
State of physical well-being when the internal and external body parts, organs, tissues, and cells function properly causing a person to perform daily activities without restriction
Social
Ability to relate well to others, both within and outside the family. It encourages contributing to a healthy community by supporting a healthy environment
Emotional
Ability to understand your own feelings, accept your limitations, achieve emotional stability, and become comfortable with your emotions
Spiritual
Sense that life is meaningful and has a purpose, the ethics, values, and morals that guide and is giving meaning and direction to life
Environmental
Reflects the fact that personal health depends on the health of the planet. Also requires the learning about and protecting yourself against environmental hazards
Determinants
Factors, which when combined together, affect the health of individuals and communities. They determine the circumstances and environment
Income and Social Status
The greater gap between the riches and the poorest people, the greater the differences in health
Education
Low education levels are linked with poor health, more stress, and lower self confidence
Physical Environment
- Safe water
- Clean air
- Healthy workplaces
- Safe houses, communities, and roads
Employment and Working Conditions
People in employment are healthier, particularly those who have more control over their working conditions
Social Support Networks
Greater support from families, friends, and communities is linked to better health
Culture
- Customs and Traditions
- Beliefs of the family and community
Genetics
- Determining lifespan
- Healthiness
- Likelihood of developing certain illnesses
Personal Behavior and Coping Skills
- Balanced eating
- Keeping active
- Vices (smoking, drinking, and etc.)
- Stress management
Health Services
Access and use of services that prevent and treat disease influence health
Gender
Men and women suffer from different types of diseases at different ages
Social Determinants of Health
Conditions in which people are born, grow, live, work, and age. Circumstances are shaped by the distribution of money, power, and resources at a global, national, and local levels
Health Inequities
The unfair and unavoidable differences in health status seen within and between countries
Host Factors (Intrinsic)
The organism that is capable of being infected by a specific agent. Influences an individual’s exposure, susceptibility, or response to a causative unit
Environmental Factors (Extrinsic)
All that which is external to the individual human host, may be living or non-living, and with which the individual is in constant interaction
Risk Factors
Any attribute, characteristic, or exposure of an individual that increases the likelihood of developing a disease injury
Protective Risk Factors
Positive influences to health which prevent the dysfunction caused by ill-health
Behavioral Risk Factors
Lifestyle choices play a major role
Biomedical Risk Factors
Bodily states that contribute to the development of disease
Sickness
Social role which the person assumes when defined as ill
Disease (Physiological/Psychological Dysfunction)
A pathological process, a deviation from the biological norm
Illness
Subjective feeling or experience of unhealth which is entirely personal, interior to the person. Subjective state a person who feels aware of not being well with evident signs and symptoms.
Host
Organism harboring the disease
Vector
Person, animal, or microorganism that carries and transmits the infectious pathogen
Environment
External factors that allow transmission
Agent
Microbe that causes disease
Epidemiological Triad
Traditional model for infectious disease
Stage of Subclinical Disease
Extends from the time of exposure to onset of disease symptoms. An individual is asymptomatic or inapparent, and may last as brief as seconds for toxicologic exposures, to as long as decades for certain chronic disease
Stage of Clinical Disease
The onset of symptoms marks the transition from subclinical to clinical disease. Most diagnosis are made during this stage as individuals already shows signs and symptoms of the disease
Stage of Recovery, Rehabilitation, Death
Ultimate outcomes of clinical disease
Control
Public policy intervention that restricts the circulation of an infectious agent beyond the level that would result from spontaneous, individual behaviors to protect against infection
Elimination
Reduction to zero of the incidence of a specified disease in a defined geographical area as a result of deliberate efforts
Extinction
Specific infectious agent no longer exists in nature or in the laboratory
Eradication
Termination of all transmission of infectious agents
