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health and human unit four sac 1 > health and wellbeing in a global context > Flashcards

health and wellbeing in a global context Flashcards

1
Q

define sustainability

A

meeting the needs of the present without compromising the ability of the future generations to meet their own needs

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2
Q

what are the three dimensions of sustainability

A

social
environmental
economic (SEE)

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3
Q

social sustainability definition

A

creating an equitable society that meets the needs of all citizens and can be maintained indefinitely

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4
Q

economic sustainability definition

A

ensuring average incomes in all countries are adequate to sustain a decent standard of living and continue to rise in line with inflation and living costs in the future

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5
Q

environmental sustainability definition

A

ensuring the natural environment is used in a way that will preserve resources into the future

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6
Q

what are the factors of social sustainability (5)

A
  • gender equality
  • peace and security
  • promotion of political and legal rights
  • access to safe and decent working conditions
  • elimination of poverty and the provision of social protection systems
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7
Q

what are the factors of economic sustainability (4)

A
  • employment
  • trade
  • economic growth
  • inovation and diversity of industries
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8
Q

what are the factors of environmental sustainability (4)

A
  • use of natural resources
  • climate change
  • biodiversity
  • waste removal and pollution
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9
Q

elimination of poverty

social

A

to reduce the inequality between the rich and the poor. To protect the most vulnerable groups in the community with infrastructure such as community housing and centre link

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10
Q

gender equality

social

A

to give women, girls, men and boys equal opportunity for work/employment/education.
so that the women and girls have a say in the communities that they belong to. To reduce violence and discrimination against women

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11
Q

access to safe and decent working conditions

social

A

all people have the capacity to work in conditions which protect their human dignity. To protect children from exploitation in hazardous working conditions

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12
Q

protection of political and legal rights

social

A

all groups have equal rights. For governments to have interventions to protect people, have laws for equal rights, even voting rights for all

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13
Q

peace and security

social

A

to protect population from death and injury during times of conflict, so that people can go about their daily lives in peace, interact and go to school

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14
Q

innovation and diversity of industries (economic)

A

countries having a range of industries to promote growth and stability. To create an industry that is more than agriculture - as agriculture is often influenced by climate drought and flooding. to develop innovation, research and diversity

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15
Q

employment (economic)

A

when people earn a wage it contributes to a countries economy. Opportunities for employment are required across age groups

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16
Q

economic growth (economic)

A

the growth of GNI per person, a growing economy and a more equal distribution of wealth. To use resources in countries which promote growth, however does not destroy resources for future generations

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17
Q

trade (economic)

A

to have the ability to exchange goods and services globally. Fair trade protection and opportunities, Fair prices for goods and services

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18
Q

Biodiversity (environmental)

A

relates to all forms of life. Different plants, animals, microorganisms and the genes they contain.

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19
Q

ecosystems (environmental)

A

provides the processes and resources for all forms of life, provision of oxygen removal of CO2, the protection of waterways, soil formation, nourishment of plants and animals etc

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20
Q

natural resources (environmental)

A

renewable (those that can be replenished over time such as crops) and non renewable (resources that cannot be replenished in a short period of time such as coal and natural gas)

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21
Q

human development definition

A

creating an enviroenmt in which people can develop to there full potential and lead productive, creative lives according to their needs and interests. It is about expanding peoples choices and enhancing capabilities, having access to knowledge, health and a decent standard of living, and participating in the life of their community and decisions affecting their lives

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22
Q

creating an environment that assists people to…
it is about…
through…

A

develop to their full potential
lead productive and creative lives

expanding peoples choices
enhancing capabilities

knowledge
health
a decent standard of living

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23
Q

what is the human development index

A

a measurement system developed by the Unites Nations Development Program that attempts to reflect the level of human development being experienced in different countries and regions. It uses health and development outcomes as well as economic data

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24
Q

what are the three dimensions of the human development index

A

a long and healthy life
knowledge
a decent standard of living

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25
Q

what are the four indicators of the human development index

A
  • life expectancy at birth: this is the amount of years a person is expected to live from birth if death rates do not change
  • mean years of schooling: the average amount of time a person spends in the schooling system
    -expected years of schooling: the number of years a child is expected to be at school; from when they begin to attend
    GNI: the value of a countries total annual income expressed in US dollars divided by its population to indicate the average wealth of a country
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26
Q

what are three advantages of the human development index

1.

A
  • the HDI is a single statistical figure generate from three dimensions and four indicators which makes it possible to have a clear and accurate comparison rather than comparing numerous sets of data
27
Q

what are three disadvantages of the human development index

1.

A

not all countries receive a HDI ranking and data may not be available or is estimated or is difficult to confirm

28
Q

what are three advantages of the human development index 2.

A
  • the HDI not only uses GNI or life expectancy alone, but uses other human development measurements and so provides a more comprehensive representation of the level of human development
29
Q

what are the three advantages of the human development index
3.

A
  • the HDI may give a country policy direction (towards the indicators) in order to improve levels of human development
30
Q

what are three disadvantages of the human development index

2.

A
  • the measurement is not a complete measurement of human development as it does not include indicators such as gender equality, income equality within a country, human rights or political freedoms, access to resources such as water and social security
31
Q

what are three disadvantages of the human development index

3.

A

data sources from low income countries may be unreliable and difficult to confirm as countries use different methods to measure key components

32
Q

access to safe and decent working conditions PEMSS

A

spiritual: people will not have to work in forced labour, which provides a greater sense of control and purpose in their lives and promotes spiritual health and wellbeing across the world
physical:
mental:

33
Q

what is a global trend

A

patterns of social, environmental and economic activity that will have an effect at sometime in the future and will require action to be taken

34
Q

globalisation

A

the processes by which boundaries between countries are reduced or eliminated allowing individuals groups or companies to act on a global scale. It can be described as transforming different societies of the world into one global society. Reductions in barriers of trade, communication and transport contribute to this

35
Q

what is climate change

A

the emission of greenhouse gasses and fossil fuel which resulted in an increase in the temperature of the planet. This increase in climate has lead to changes such as rising sea levels, changing weather patterns and more extreme weather events.

36
Q

explain rising sea levels

climate change

A

as the world is warming, glaciers are melting meaning sea levels are rising
If green house emissions continue at the same rate its estimated that the sea level could increase by one mete by 2100

37
Q

impacts as a result of rising sea levels (climate change)

A
  • relocation of communities
  • land for crops and livestock is lost (agriculture and food supplies)
  • reduced availability for fresh water
  • increase in infectious disease due to stagnate bodies of water such as malaria and diarrhoea
38
Q

climate change physical

A
  • food shortages, reduced access to safe and clean water and shelter, resulting in impacts to efficient body functioning
  • reduced access to healthcare due to extreme weather events, increasing the impacts of malnutrition, illness and disease
39
Q

climate change mental

A

unable to function mentally as a result of impacts from natural disasters, not knowing what to next and being unable to make logical decisions.
this means we are unable to meet the. demands of every day life

40
Q

global trend one

A

climate change
rising sea levels
changing weather patterns
extreme weather events

41
Q

climate change spiritual

A

impacts on farmers who are unable to produce productively on their land. They may question their spiritual and religious beliefs. Feelings of despair due to changes in the environment may change their perception of purpose, particularly if they ave to leave their own homes

42
Q

climate change emotional

A

feelings of grief and loss due to the deaths of a loved one, stress due to changes in the land, leaving home or not being able to provide for their family
- experiencing negative emotions as a result of climate change such as climate change such as natural disasters demolishing communities, having to leave home due to rising sea levels, illness due to change in weather patterns 1

43
Q

climate change social

A

reduced opputunities to participate in community activities if a community needs to relocate or is impacted by extreme weather patterns. this leads to changes in oppurtunities for employment, as well as reduced social networks and groups. Children who are unable to attend school loose opportunities to interact with their peers

44
Q

changing weather patterns

A

involved extreme heat conditions and changes in rainfall patterns

45
Q

extreme weather events

A

extreme weather events are exacerbated by climate change. They include

  • heatwaves leading to droughts and fires
  • cyclones
  • storms including dust storms
  • floods and mudslides
46
Q

changes rainfall

A

increasing in ocean temperatures has brought about changing weather patterns including rainfall across the globe.

  • our drier regions become drier
  • wetter regions become wetter
47
Q

implications of changing rainfall patterns

A

FLOODS: lack of safe water due to sanitation issue. This results in an increase in communicable and water borne diseases such as typhoid and diarrhoea. floods also lead to drowning and physical injury

DROUGHT and famine: scarcity of water leads to lack of food production. This results in malnutrition in low and middle income countries.

48
Q

global trend 2

A

conflict

49
Q

consequences of conflict

A
  • physical environment destroyed with limited access to decent housing, food, education and health care services
  • limited water, sanitation and electricity supplies
  • limited education for children and employment opportunities for adults
  • increased levels of injury, infant and maternal mortality rates of communicable diseases
  • women at a higher risk of rape and abuse
  • lack of infrastructure when conflict is over
  • displacement within countries or refugees
  • poverty when income earner is killed
50
Q

mass migration

A

the movement of a large group of people from one geographical area to another q

51
Q

displaced people

A

those who are forced to leave their homes because of war or persecution (refugee)

52
Q

internally displaced person

A

people who are displaced within their own country

53
Q

asylum seekers

A

a person seeking international protection and who’s refugee status is yet to be confirmed

54
Q

statelessness

A

a situation where a person does not have a citizenship of any country. These individuals have no protection of their human, social or political rights and cannot access education or healthcare or have the freedom of movement

55
Q

global trend three

A

world trade and tourism

56
Q

world trade

A

the exchange of goods and services between countries

it has a motive and negative effect on health and wellbeing as on sustainability

57
Q

negative impacts of work trade

A
  1. lower income countries that are dependent on export for income do not have the same business expertise and negotiation skills. They are often exploited for low trade prices
  2. social injustices occur such as women and children working in dangerous conditions for low pay in low income countries. There is no law in low income countries to protect workers
  3. increasing use of pesticides and poor environmental standards in low income countries by large cooperations contributes to environmental degradation
58
Q

postive impacts of world trade

A
  1. increase in employment levels, income and subsequent living standards from increased low and middle income countered helps towards breaking the poverty cycle .
    - increased trade and generated income increases health and wellbeing including life expectancy, access to nutritious foods, health care and education
  2. provides job opportunities for local workers. increased levels of employment leads to increase in standard of living. This results in increase in countries economy and may help buisnesses sell to forgien markets, increasing there income
  3. many mall business owners are women, thus export promotes gender equality
59
Q

tourism

A

fastest growing industries world wide. Low and middle income countries benefit from tourism as it is a major source of income and employment. It therefore boosts economies

60
Q

positive impacts of tourism

A

promotes sustainable and economic growth

  • contributes to employment and gender equality
  • provides resource efficiency and environmental protection
  • preserves cultural values, diversity and heritage
61
Q

negative impacts of tourism

A
  • environmental challenges: stress on fragile ecosystems by waste and rubbish generated, leading to polluted water supplies
  • increasing international air travel, trade and tourism can lead to threat of infectious diseases spreading around the world
62
Q

global trend four

A

digital technologies

63
Q

benefits of digital technologies

A
  • increasing knowledge peoples own health, leading to more self care
  • people can compare share and discuss conditions with others across the world. This creates more informed and empowered individuals. this leads to more equal and collaborations relationships with health professionals
  • quick and efficient method for global health organisations to control diseases outbreaks such as ebola. They do this by enabling the rapid collection of data to locate new cases, track medical supplies and provide life saving information and messages to communities
  • countries are able to register births, deaths and marriages which ensure people have access to legal protection, education and basic human rights
64
Q

challenges of technology

A
  • bullying and threatening online
  • risk of misinformation spread through digital technologies (e.g. Dr. Google)
  • wealthier and better educated young adults have more access to technology

health and human unit four sac 1 (1 decks)

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