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Biology > Health and Well-being > Flashcards

Health and Well-being Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What does health mean?

A

state of physical, social and mental well-being

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2
Q

Physical health

A

being disease free, eating and sleeping well, regular activity, limiting intake of harmful substances

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3
Q

Social health

A

how well you get on with others, and how surroundings affect you

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4
Q

Mental health

A

how you feel about yourself

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5
Q

Communicable

A

can be transmitted from one organism to another

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6
Q

Communicable examples

A

Tuberculosis, flu

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7
Q

Non-communicable

A

cannot be transmitted from one organism to another

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8
Q

Non-communicable examples

A

heart disease, arthritis

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9
Q

what are the seven nutrients?

A

carbohydrates, fibre, fats protein, water, minerals, vitamins

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10
Q

what caused anemia?

A

lack of iron

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11
Q

what caused rickets?

A

lack of vitamin D or calcium

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12
Q

having one disease can lead to another. diseases can do the following…

A

damage the immune system
damage the body’s natural barriers
stop organs working effectively

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13
Q

Pathogens

A

a microorganism that causes disease in living things including plants

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14
Q

what are the four types of pathogen

A

bacteria, viruses, protists and fungi

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15
Q

for a microorganism to be considered a pathogen, it must…

A

gain entry to the host
colonise the tissue of the host
resist the defences of the host
cause damage to host tissues
mechanism to pass onto new host

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16
Q

how are communicable diseases caused?

A

either caused directly by a pathogen or by a toxin made by a pathogen

17
Q

structure of bacteria

A

single celled organism
much smaller than plant and animal cells
pathogenic bacteria is in the minority

18
Q

binary fission

A

bacteria divided rapidly by splitting in two. this produces toxins that damage your cells and make you feel ill

19
Q

cholera

A

an acute diarrhoeal illness caused by infection of the intestine with vibrio cholerea bacteria

20
Q

salmonella

A

a group of bacteria that can cause diarrhoea in humans

21
Q

tuberculosis

A

a contagious infection that usually attacks your lungs

22
Q

chlamydia

A

a bacterial infection usually spread through sexual contact with infected genital fluids

23
Q

risks for disease

A

alcohol, blood glucose, blood pressure, cholesterol, physical inactivity, tobacco, overweight/obesity, unhealthy diet, UV light from the sun

24
Q

genetic disorders

A

caused by faulty alleles
can be passed onto offspring but not to any other person

25
Q

malnutrition

A

when you receive too little or too much of a nutrient

26
Q

what’s alcohol made of?

A

it is made up of the chemical ethanol

27
Q

what happens when ethanol is absorbed into blood?

A

When ethanol is absorbed into the blood, from here it can easily pass throughout the body, into tissues, including the brain.

28
Q

liver damage is also known as..

A

liver cirrhosis

29
Q

cardiovascular disease

A

covers diseases that affect the heart and blood vessels
usually associated with the build up of fatty deposits inside arteries

30
Q

body mass index

A

mass(kg) divided by height(m) squared

31
Q

Harmful substances from cigarettes are absorbed into the bloodstream and transported around the body. They cause the following:

A

damage to blood vessels
increased blood pressure
narrow blood vessels
increase risk of blood clots
ALL LEADING TO CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE

32
Q

what are stents used for

A

used to treat coronary heart disease

33
Q

how are stents used?

A

a metal mesh is placed in the artery.
A tiny balloon is inflated to open up the blood vessel and stent at the same time, the balloon is removed, but the stent remains holding the vessel open, so blood can flow freely.

34
Q

what is bypass surgery used for?

A

Replace the narrow or blocked coronary arteries with bits of veins from other parts of the body.

35
Q

statins

A

Increasingly prescribed to anyone at risk of
cardiovascular disease.
Reduce blood cholesterol levels, slowing the rate at which fatty material is deposited in the coronary arteries.

Biology (4 decks)

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