Health and the people c.1000 to the present day

Question 1

What was the name of the book published by Vesalius in 1543?

Answer 1

Fabric of the human body

Question 2

Which individual did Vesalius prove wrong?

Answer 2

Galen

Question 3

Which of Galens ideas were proved wrong by Vesalius?

Answer 3

That the lower jaw was in two parts. That blood passed through the septum.

Question 4

What was the effect of the work of Vesalius?

Answer 4

He made people question Galen and showed the importance of human dissection

Question 5

Who did the colour illustrations in the Fabric of the Human Body?

Answer 5

Leonardo Da Vinci

Question 6

How did Pare help wounds to heal?

Answer 6

He used an ointment of egg yolks, oil of roses and turpentine

Question 7

What was the effect of Pares ointment?

Answer 7

The soldiers wounds healed cleanly with less pain than if boiling oil was used.

Question 8

How did Pare stop bleeding?

Answer 8

He used ligatures (silk threads) to tie the blood vessels closed

Question 9

What method did ligatures replace?

Answer 9

Cauterisation where you use a red hot iron to seal wounds closed.

Question 10

What was a problem with ligatures?

Answer 10

Pare didn’t understand that the silk threads could carry germs into the wounds and cause infection.

Question 11

What did William Harvey discover?

Answer 11

He showed that blood was pumped around the body by the heart

Question 12

Who did Harvey prove wrong?

Answer 12

Galen, he believed that blood was produced in the liver to replace the blood that was burnt by the body as fuel

Question 13

How did Harvey prove his discovery?

Answer 13

He dissected live cold blooded animals to observe how their hearts worked as well as dissecting human bodies.

Question 14

How did William Harvey show that blood could only flow one way?

Answer 14

He tried to pump liquids past the valves in the veins but wasn’t able to.

Question 15

When was the Great Plague?

Answer 15

1665

Question 16

Where did the Great Plague take place?

Answer 16

London

Question 17

What section of society was blamed for the spread of the Plague?

Answer 17

Poor people

Question 18

Why were poorer members of society more at risk from the Great Plague?

Answer 18

Because they lived in poor quality overcrowded housing. This made them more exposed to rats, fleas and spreading the disease between people.

Question 19

What factor was significant in stopping the Great Plague that wasn’t present during the Black Death?

Answer 19

Government: Unlike in the Middle Ages the 17thC saw the rise of an organised central government that implemented Public Health measures.

Question 20

What measures were introduced by the Government in order to stop the Plague from Spreading?

Answer 20

Infected people were locked in their houses, the poor were forbidden to leave London, People were ordered to clean the streats outside of their houses

Question 21

Why did preventing the poor from leaving London have a positive effect nationally?

Answer 21

Because it meant that the Plague was contained to London and wasn’t able to spread around the country.

Question 22

Why did locking infected people and their families in their houses stop the plague from spreading?

Answer 22

Because they were unable to spread the disease by coming into contact with other people. They would either recover from the disease or die before they could infect the wider population.

Question 23

Why was closing down public meeting places like taverns effective?

Answer 23

Because it prevented people from gathering in large groups, this meant that the plague couldn’t spread quickly among a large group of people.

Question 24

What led to the plague almost completely dying out at the end of 1665?

Answer 24

A extremely cold winter led to freezing temperatures which killed off the fleas that spread the disease.

Question 25

What event in 1666 helped to prevent any further outbreaks of the Plague?

Answer 25

The Great Fire of London

Question 26

How did the Great Fire of London (1666) help to stop the Plague from occuring again?

Answer 26

By destroying the poor quality housing that the rats and fleas thrived in. Also by killing most of the rats and fleas that were inhabiting London.

Question 27

How did the rebuilding of London make it harder for diseases to spread in the future?

Answer 27

Christopher Wrenn designed the new buildings in London to be more spaced out which made it harder for diseases to spread quickly.

Question 28

What is the Bubonic Plague?

Answer 28

When a person gets the plague after being bitten by a flea. This leads to swellings and Buboes to appear as the areas that have been bitten. It killed between 50-60% of those bitten.

Question 29

What is the Pneumonic Plague?

Answer 29

When a victim of the Plague has the infection reach their lungs they can spread it via coughing and sneezing. The victim then breathes in the infected particles which quickly enter their bloodstream. This form of the Plague is almost always fatal killing between 95-100% of those infected this way.