Health And The People Flashcards
How long were Galen’s teachings used for?
Over 1000 years
What were the four humours?
Blood, phlegm, yellow bile, black bile
How did they use Galen’s Ancient Greek manuscripts?
The lecturer read them to the class but the students were allowed to read it
When reading from Galen’s teachings, did they do dissections?
They didn’t do dissections, but were hoping to introduce one dissection a year by 1340
Under Galen’s teachings, how did they diagnose?
Through urine samples and the 4 humours
Under Galen’s teachings, which ways were most common treatment?
Blood letting to balance humours
Using an astrological chart helped them figure out when to treat because certain humours were stronger when the moon was in different places
Who are the 4 people you could look to for health care?
Barber surgeon, healer, apothecary, physician
What is a healer?
A village woman, who acted like a midwife and had knowledge of herbs. A healer might accept small payment.
What is an apothecary?
A man who sold wine, herbs and spices. They prepared and sold medicines to physicians and directly to patients.
What is a barber surgeon?
A man that most towns had. They pulled out teeth and performed simple surgeries. They were identified by a red and white pole.
What is a physician?
A man who had trained at one of Europe’s medical schools, they used astrological information, urine charts and the theory of the four humours to decide the best treatment(usually blood letting) and charged high fees.
What were the roles of Muslims in the dark ages?
They translated Ancient Rome and Greek texts into Arabic which eventually travelled to Europe.
What did Ibn Sina do for medical knowledge?
Ibn Sina wrote an encyclopaedia of medicine, called the canon of medicine. It covered the whole of Greek and Islamic knowledge. It became the standard European medical textbook.
Showing importance of church in medieval times?
Everybody went to church on Sunday
People believed Gos controlled wealth, health, etc
Everybody paid tithe
God decided whether you went to heaven or hell
Useful things Galen introduced?
Amputation(worked with things like breast cancer)
What would happen if you taught against Galen in a school?
The church would arrest them
Affects of towns on health in medieval times?
Towns threw rubbish in the street which attracted rats. They threw their urine and feces into the street. They all loved close together and houses usually shared rooms.
Beliefs for causes of illness?
God was punishing you if you sinned
Witchcraft/demons
How old was the 4 humours theory when being used in medieval times?
2000 years old
Why did Christians like Galen’s teachings?
He believed in a single God and described the body as a whole spirit
Cauterisation?
Usually done with a hot iron to seal skin and stop bleeding
Where did monks place the Latrine?
They placed it further down the river, away from where food was prepared and eaten
Why would it be less likely to get ill in a monastery?
They’re away from towns in countryside, less people to spread diseases
What were some beliefs about bad smells?
They thought bad smells caused illness so would warn it off with a worse smell by putting their heads in urine
