Health and the People Flashcards

Question

Monasteries

Answer 1

Lavatorium - pipes delivered local well water to wash basins. Filters removed dirt Privies - Toilets were emptied into pits so the waste could be taken for use as manure Dormitory - Monks washed their clothes regularly as well as their faces and feet River Skell - Waste water from toilets put into river Infirmary Hall - Small hospital

Answer 2

More money spent on cleaner facilities Monks made lots of money from producing wool Isolation helped protect monks from epidemics Monasteries were near to rivers Monks could read and understand books in their libraries They learned the basic idea of separating clean water from waste water They understood the Roman idea of moderation in diet, sleep and exercise Monks kept clean

Answer 3

Arrived in England in 1348 Combination of the bubonic plague and pneumonic plague Death usually followed a few days after symptoms displayed

Answer 4

Position of stars and planets Miasma Wells poisoned by Jews Punishment from God

Answer 5

Poor street cleaning Dirty streets encouraged rats to breed Unhygienic habits Animals dug up victims' bodies Laws about cleanliness were difficult to enforce Quarantine was not effective Ignorance of germs

Answer 6

Prayer Drinking mercury Rubbing shaved chicken on buboes Moving away Avoiding contact

Answer 7

1665 Another outbreak of plague

Answer 8

Cultural movement beginning in late 1400s in Italy Printing Art New inventions - gunpowder New learning - More scientific approach to learning involving observation, hypothesis, experiment and questioning New lands - Explorers and Merchants used more accurate maps, discovered the Americas and brought back new foods and medicines

Answer 9

Progessor of Surgery at the University of Padua in Italy Wrote 'The Fabric of the Human Body' - accurate textbook including illustrations of the human body. Corrected Galen's mistakes and provided proof Did dissections himself and said medical students should learn from dissections Criticised for saying Galen was wrong Had to leave his job but later became a doctor for Emperor Charles V

Answer 10

Usef a cream of Rose Oil, Egg Whites and Turpentine rather than hot oil on gunshot wounds Used ligatures to tie off blood vessels rather than cauterisation Designed false limbs for wounded soldiers Translated the work of Vesalius

Answer 11

Challenged Galen by suggesting blood circulated around the body rather than being burned by muscles

Answer 12

Barber-surgeons Apothecaries - little to no medical training but sold medicines and potions Wise women - Treatments often relied on superstition, but often had extensive knowledge of plants and herbs Quacks - Showy, travelling salesmen who sold all sorts of medicines Trained doctors

Answer 13

Bleeding with leeches Smoking to keep away poisoned air Sniffing a sponge soaked in vinegar Using animals like frogs, pigeons, snakes and scorpions to 'draw out the poison' Moving to the countryside

Answer 14

People recognised the link between dirt and disease Mayors and councillors had a more organised approach to attempt to halt the spread of the disease 'Women searchers' identified plague victims More effective quarantine guarded by watchmen Bodies were removed at night and burned in mass plague pits Fires were lit to remove the poisons that were thought to be in the air Orders were issued for streets to be swept Animals were not allowed in the streets Gatherings of crowds were banned Trade between plague towns stopped and the Scottish border was closed