Health and Society Flashcards
Define the following:
- Endemic
- Epidemic
- Pandemic
- constant presence and/or usual prevalence of a disease or infectious agent in a population within a geographic area
- an increase, often sudden, in the number of cases of a disease above what is normally expected in that population in that area
- an epidemic that has spread over several countries or continents, usually affecting a large number of people
describe the components of the chain of infection (5)
- infectious agent
- reservoir/environment
- mode of transmission
- portal of entry
- Host
What is an outbreak?
a sudden increase in occurences of a disease in a particular time and place
name 4 difficulties in using mass vaccination as a control measure
- long incubation period
- consent
- identification of new cases
- isolation of cases
Name examples of the following:
- infectious agent
- reservoir/environment
- mode of transmission
- portal of entry
- host
- ability to reproduce, survival, spread, infectivity, pathogenicity
- exposures, water systems, animals, environmental contamination, water systems
- respiratory, ingestion, blood borne, sexual contact
- mouth, nose, ear, GI tract, skin
- chronic illness, nutritional status, age, immunity, lifestyle factors
- what is surveillance?
- name 3 purposes of surveillance
- name 4 ways in which surveillance is carried out
- systemic collection, collation and analysis of data, and dissemination of the results so that appropriate control measures can be taken
- serves as an early warning system
- document the impact of an intervention, or track progress towards specific goals
- monitor and clarify the epidemiology of health problems to inform public health policy and strategy
- serves as an early warning system
- notifications of infectious disease
lab testing
follow up of contacts
surveillance questionnaires
- What is a nosocomical infection?
2. name 5 ways in which these infections can be controlled
- an infection contracted in hospital
- hospital environment hygiene (including isolation of cases)
hand hygiene
safe use of PPE
safe use and disposal of sharps
principle of sterility
what is the 10/90 gap?
that 10% of the world’s population receive 90% of healthcare resources
- what is international health defined by?
- name 5 characteristics of recipients
- name 5 characteristics of donors
- geography (poor nations), their problems, and instruments, in a recipient, donor relationship
- poor, ignorant, threatened by some risk, needy and passive, traditional
- rich, knowledgeable and skilful. benevolent, philanthropic and active, modern
what are the concerns of public health? (4)
- prevention
- equity
- population based approaches
- scientifically validated technical approaches
- what is global health?
- what does global health place priority on?
- what does global health involve?
- what does global health put an emphasis on?
- health of the global population, not excluding our own
- transnational (not bounded by borders; we are one society)
- many disciplines, and promotion of interdisciplinary collaboration
- INTERDEPENDENCE
- name 4 solutions of global health
2. name 4 pitfalls of global health
- regulation of the quality of imported food, medicines, manufactured goods and inputs
getting timely access to info about the global spread of infectious disease
procurement of sufficient vaccine and drug supplies in pandemic
ensuring sufficient corps of well trained health personnel - practical issues - security and governance
common health issues are different across nations
ethics - human rights and equity based values
name 5 global health issues that affect us all
- global warming
- development, poverty and inequality
- food and water security
- wars and security threats
- migration
name the three strategies of global health
- development aid
- international co-operation
- global solidarity
What are the major functions of global health
- to provide health related public goods
- to manage cross national externalities through epidemiological surveillance, info sharing and co-ordination