Health and Safety/ Transmission of disease *Not done* Flashcards
What does clean mean?
Free from dirt, marks and stains
What does disinfection mean?
Removal of most microorganisms but does not necessarily destroy spores
What is a disinfectant?
A chemical agent that destroys microorganisms
What is a micro-organism?
Living organism too small to be seen with the naked eye
What is aseptic?
Anti microbial agent that destroys pathogens without damaging animal cells
What is a disinfectant?
Anti microbial agent that destroys pathogens but not bacterial spores
What is endemic?
Disease present at normal level in a country
What is epidemic?
Pronounced increase in specific area (Foot and Mouth 2001UK)
What is disinfected?
Equipment, surfaces and floors
What is asepsis?
Environment that is free of harmful microorganisms
What is antiseptic?
An agent, safe for tissue, that destroys or inhibits microorganisms
What is aseptic technique?
Refers to a procedure used to prevent the spread of infection
What is aseptically prepared?
Surgeons hands and surgical site
What does sterile mean?
Free from bacteria or other living microorganisms; totally clean “a sterile need and syringes”
What is sterilisation?
Sterilisation is the complete destruction and elimination of living micro organisms. (No such thing as ‘almost sterile’
Disinfectants do NOT provide sterility
What is sterilisation?
Method of killing microogranisms
What are the types of sterilisation?
Cold Chemical sterilisation
Ethylene Oxide gas
Heat and pressure - autoclave
What is an autoclave?
A machine that can withstand high temperatures used for sterilisation
What items are put in a autoclave?
All gowns, gloves, instruments and drapes
What are the principles of infection?
Infection
Disease
Transmissibility
Infectivity
What does transmissibility mean?
The ability to pass from one host to the other, determined by the ability of the pathogen to survive outside the body
What does Infectivity mean?
The ability to penetrate host defences
What is the incubation period?
The time interval between exposure to the causative pathogen and the first clinical sings appearing
What is a disease?
“A condition of the living animal or one of its part that impairs normal functioning and is typically manifested by distinguishing signs and symptoms”
What is an Infection?
Colonization of a host by a foreign micro- organism
What are pathogens?
Infectious agents that cause harm
If something is viral what is it?
An infective agent that is not used in the environment
What do viruses do in the body?
Corrupts
Replicates
Needs a living cell (host)
Mutate
Change which makes it difficult to treat
When can bacterial disease occur?
When the immune system is weakened
What happens when an animal is infected with a bacterial disease?
The bacteria replicates and spreads
What are common sources of bacterial infestation?
Contaminated water, food or faeces
What are fungi?
Parasitic, spore-producing organisms
How do fungi get their nourishment?
Absorbing from the host
In which animals can a fungal infection occur?
Healthy and immunocompromised
Fungal diseases are more common after…
Prolonged use of antimicrobials or immunosuppressive
