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PS3 > Health and Safety 1 > Flashcards

Health and Safety 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What does RIDDOR stand for?

A

Reporting of Injuries, Disease and Dangerous occurrences 1995

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2
Q

What are the three main categories in RIDDOR

A
  1. Fatal or major accident
  2. Accidents incurring absences from work of seven days or more
  3. Dangerous occurrences (near misses etc)
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3
Q

Who’s death from a work-related accident must be reported?

A

workers and non-workers

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4
Q

How many for someone incapacitated from work for something to be recorded?

A

3 days

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5
Q

How many days is someone incapacitated from work and it has to be reported?

A

7 days

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6
Q

when do non-fatal accidents to a non-worker have to be reported?

A

When the accident results in an injury and they are taken directly to the hospital for treatment.

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7
Q

Give two examples of occupational diseases

A

occupational asthma and occupational dermatitis.

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8
Q

List some dangerous occurrences

A

Injuries from lifting equipment, pressure systems, and electrical incidents causing fires or explosions, biological agents and radiography.

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9
Q

What does COSHH stand for?

A

Control of Substances Hazardous to Health regulations 2002.

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10
Q

Give some examples of substances hazardous to health

A

dust from animals bedding
cleaners
medicines
ionising radiation sources
microorganisms from animals etc

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11
Q

exposure routes

A

breathing in
contact with skin swallowing
contact with eyes
skin puncture

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12
Q

What 4 hazards do electrical items pose to humans and animals?

A
  1. Electrical burns
  2. thermal burns
  3. Loss of muscle control
  4. Electrocution/ electric shock
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13
Q

What kills you when you are electrocuted?

A

current and length of time

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14
Q

what is the issue with electric shock?

A

It blocks the electrical signals between the brain and muscles

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15
Q

How long is ‘long enough’ to block electrical signals?

A

2-10 seconds

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16
Q

what is ohms law?

A

V=IR

V= voltage
I= current
R= resistance

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17
Q

what does resistance=?

A

Resistance= (Length x resistivity) / area

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18
Q

What affects the electrical current pathway within the body?

A

Physical size
distance the current travels
longer the distances the more resistivity

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19
Q

What happens to resistivity of skin when it’s wet?

A

lower resistivity when wet

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20
Q

What effects the resistivity within the body?

A

resistivity within the body depends on the organs
more resistances= greater distance apart.

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21
Q

What effect does 1 mA have on the body?

A

faint tingle

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22
Q

What effect does 5mA have on the body?

A

slight shock felt.
disturbing, not painful
let go easily
injuries caused by strong involuntary movements.

23
Q

What effect does 6-30 mA have on the body?

A

painful shock
muscular control is lost
‘freezing currents’
may not be possible to ‘let go’

24
Q

What affect does 50-150 mA have on the body?

A

extreme pain, respiratory arrest and severe muscular contraction. Individuals cannot let go
death is possible

25
Q

what affect does 100-4,300mA have on the body?

A

Ventricular fibrillation (uneven uncoordinated pumping of the heart)
muscular contraction
nerve damage begins
death is likely

26
Q

What affect does 10,000 mA have on the body?

A

Cardiac arrest and severe burns
death is probable.

27
Q

What happens if you get a high current shock across a normally functioning heart?

A
  • ventricular tachycardia
  • ventricular fibrillation
    → risk determined by current density and proximity to myocardium
  • mechanism unknown
28
Q

When do Defibs work?

A

on a heart with ventricular fibrillation, needs to have some level of activity.

29
Q

What is an electrical burn?

A

when electricity passes through the body and heats the tissue along the length of the current flow. result in deep burns that often require surgery and can be permanently disabling.

30
Q

What happens when you use a multi-adapter?

A

Associated with overheating and fires.
easy to overload them if they don’t have a fuse
also, cause strain on the wall outlet and may cause damage.

31
Q

what legislation covers electrical testing?

A

Electricity at Work Regs 1989

32
Q

What is surgical diathermy?

A

cut tissue while cauterising cut edges of a wound or apply to bleeding areas to coagulate.

33
Q

what are the main hazards associated with surgical diathermy?

A

accidental burns
accidental electrocution
surgical plume
ignition of volatile agents
electrical interference with other medical devices (ECG)

34
Q

What are some sensible safety procedures to adopt when using electrosurgery?

A

read instructions
regular maintenance
visual inspection before use
connectors and cable awareness
general condition
reporting faults as soon as they occur

35
Q

How often should pressurised gas systems in anaesthetic machines be serviced?

A

legally once a year

36
Q

How frequently should you test medical gas equipment?

A

every 3 months ideally

37
Q

What do medical gas equipment tests include?

A

regulator checks
pressure relief valves
line pressure
outlet safety features

38
Q

What are the maximum occupational exposure limits for the most common agents?
Halothane?

A

10ppm

39
Q

What are the maximum occupational exposure limits for the most common agents?
Isoflurane

A

50ppm

40
Q

What are the maximum occupational exposure limits for the most common agents?
Sevoflurane

A

60ppm

41
Q

What are the maximum occupational exposure limits for the most common agents?
Nitrous oxide

A

100ppm
but increasingly used less as it’s a greenhouse gas

42
Q

What are the hazards of being exposed to waste anaesthetic gases?

A

headache
irritability
fatigue
nausea
drowsiness
difficulties with judgement and coordination
liver and kidney disease

43
Q

What condition do Women need to be extra careful in?

A

when pregnant around volatile gases.
risk of miscarriage and possibly birth defects

44
Q

what system that’s now in place helps avoid exposure to volatile gases?

A

Scavenging system

45
Q

What anaesthetic scavenging equipment is there?

A

Active- using a pump
passive- rely on gas flow
can be vented outside or absorbed into a chemical medium and disposed of

46
Q

What needs to be in an active system to avoid the scavenging system sucking the gases out of the patient?

A

airbrake

47
Q

What gas can’t be used with a Fluosorber canister?

A

Nitrous oxide

48
Q

What other substances in a vet practice are covered by COSHH?

A

Cleaning solutions
disinfectants
drugs

49
Q

Potential routes of exposure to COSHH substances?

A

inhalation
ingestion
skin
mucus membranes

50
Q

Safe lifting tips

A

bend your knees
hug the load
avoid twisting

51
Q

What can you do to help with the handling of small animals?

A

Trolleys are useful for cats and cat baskets over long distances
slings for canine patients to help staff and support the patient when walking.
tables move up and down and have wheels

52
Q

What legislation is there for mechanical lifting?

A

Lifting operations and lifting equipment Regs 1998

53
Q

What is used to help with handling large animals?

A

hoists

PS3 (3 decks)

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