Health and Nutrition

Question 1

Macronutrients

Answer 1

Macronutrients consist of those larger compounds from which we derive the calories, or energy, necessary to sustain life functions. Carbohydrates, proteins, and lipids (or fats) are the macronutrients from which our energy is derived.

Question 2

Carbohydrates

Answer 2

Carbohydrates, both simple and complex, can be thought of as immediate and readily accessible energy. These molecules are ultimately broken down into glucose and circulated throughout the blood to support metabolic functions.

Question 3

Lipids

Answer 3

The body converts and stores unused carbohydrates as lipids, or fats. Lipids function as the source material for hormones. They enable better absorption of micronutrients, and they also serve as an energy source.

Question 4

Protein

Answer 4

Proteins are necessary for cellular growth, repair, and transport. They are made up of amino acids, which can be thought of as micronutrients.

Question 5

Micronutrients

Answer 5

Micronutrients consist of those vitamins and minerals required by the body to function properly. As indicated by the micro- prefix, these nutrients are only required in small amounts; however, they are not insignificant. If adequate amounts of these micronutrients are not acquired, overall health is potentially compromised, and long-term issues may arise.

Question 6

Vitamins

Answer 6

There are numerous vitamins found throughout the body, all with a different purpose, to allow for normal cellular function. They can be broken down into two groups: fat-soluble vitamins and water-soluble vitamins. Fat-soluble vitamins (such as vitamins A, D, E, and K) are present in foods with fats and do not dissolve in water. Water-soluble vitamins (such as the B vitamins) are dissolved in water and carried around the body but are not stored.

Question 7

Minerals

Answer 7

Minerals are found in food that we consume and are essential for cells to function properly. Common minerals are magnesium, potassium, sodium, and calcium.

Question 8

Water

Answer 8

Water is an essential molecule needed for all cellular functions and makes up between 60 and 80 percent of our body mass. In its absence, the metabolic reactions that occur in our body would not be able to exist.

Question 9

Fiber

Answer 9

Fiber is a plant derivative that cannot be broken down by the body and is essential for bowel health and function. It works by bulking up the stool and allowing for easier passage throughout the body. This can be found in foods such as berries, whole grains, and apples, or as an over-the-counter supplement.