Health and medicine

Question 1

WHO definition of health + limitations

Answer 1

State of complete physical, mental and social wellbeing, and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity

Limitations
- Excludes those w/ chronic conditions (complete) from ever being healthy
- Wellbeing differs b/w people

Question 2

Equality (2 types)

Answer 2

Same resources, ultimately different levels

Unavoidable inequalities: biological differences, e.g. height

Avoidable inequalities: inequities, e.g. gender pay gap

Question 3

Equity

Answer 3

Resource distribution based on need, ultimately same level

Question 4

Thought structures

Answer 4

1. Systems thinking
   - Broad systems interconnect
2. Dynamic systems
   - Ever-evolving systems change and adapt with the environment
3. Ontological multiplicity
   - Interactions between different systems and factors

Question 5

3 types of data

Answer 5

1. Comparable data
   - Comparable statistics generated based on PRIMARY data
2. Primary data
   - Compilation of summary statistics based on empirical (based on scientific method) measurements (both raw and processed data)
3. Other data
   - Neither primary nor comparable
   - KEY informant data

Question 6

Health indicators

Answer 6

Mortality, morbidity, cause of death, hospital admission rates, life expectancy, prevalence of conditions, DALYs

Question 7

DALY

Answer 7

• YLL + YLD

or

• DALY
  DA (disability weight assigned to each side effect x disability duration) + LY (life expectancy - age of death)
• Accounts for both morbidity and mortality for a certain condition
• Able to quantify interventions based on DALYs AVERTED

Question 8

Important SDGs

Answer 8

SDG 3: good health
SDG 5: gender equality

50 health related targets

created in 2015, endeavour to achieve by 2030