Health and Lifestyle

Question 1

What is a Nutrient?

Answer 1

Nutrients are substances that your body needs to survive and stay healthy. We get most nutrients from food.

Question 2

What are the different types of nutrient?

Answer 2

Carbohydrates 
Lipids
Proteins
Vitamins 
Minerals 
Fibre
Water

Question 3

What is the function of carbohydrates?

Answer 3

Carbohydrates provide energy.

Question 4

What is the function of proteins?

Answer 4

Proteins are used for growth and repair.

Question 5

What is the function of vitamins and minerals?

Answer 5

They keep you healthy because they perform hundreds of roles in the body. They help shore up bones, heal wounds, bolster your immune system and repair cellular damage.

Question 6

Why do we need water?

Answer 6

Your body uses water in all its cells, organs, and tissues to help regulate its temperature and maintain other bodily functions. Water is needed in all cells and bodily fluids. Water is lost through breathing, digestion and sweating and needs to be replaced again.

Question 7

Why do we need fibre?

Answer 7

We need fibre because it absorbs water and provides bulk to food to keep food moving through the gut and make sure fesces are not too dry and can exit the body easily.

Question 8

How can an unhealthy diet cause health problems?

Answer 8

Because eating unhealthily can lead to overweightness and this can cause stress, make it hard to sleep and can increase the risk of diabetes, heart disease, stroke and cancer.

Question 9

What can a balanced diet depend on and why?

Answer 9

Gender, age, activity level. Gender and age because of different growth rates. Activity level because calories need to be burnt off.

Question 10

How do you do food tests?

Answer 10

Make a food solution from crushed food and water mixed together then test.
Starch -add drops of iodine solution, positive if turns dark blue black
Lipids-add drops of ethanol, shake, leave for a minute, pour into water, if cloudy, positive
Sugar-add drops of Benedict solution, heat in water bath, positive if turns orange red
Protein-add drops of copper sulphate solution, add drops of sodium hydroxide, positive if turns purple

Question 11

How many calories do men and women need?

Answer 11

Men-2500

Women-2000

Question 12

Why do we need to digest our food?

Answer 12

Because the body needs to breakdown the food into nutrients, which the body uses for energy, growth, and cell repair. Food and drink must be changed into smaller molecules of nutrients before the blood absorbs them and carries them to cells throughout the body.

Question 13

Parts of the digestive system (in order)

Answer 13

Mouth
Gullet
Stomach
Small Intestine
Large Intestine
Rectum
Anus

Question 14

What digestive function does the mouth have?

Answer 14

It breaks down the food with enzymes in saliva and the food is broken down also by the teeth chewing.

Question 15

What digestive function does the gullet have?

Answer 15

Food passes down this tube.

Question 16

What digestive function does the small intestine have?

Answer 16

Digestive juices from the liver and the pancreas are added and digestion is completed. Small molecules of nutrients pass through the intestine wall into the bloodstream. (Works with other organs.)

Question 17

What digestive function does the large intestine have?

Answer 17

Only food that cannot be digested gets this far. Water passes back into the body, leaving a solid waste of undigested food called feces. The major function of the large intestine is to absorb water from the remaining indigestible food matter and transmit the useless waste material from the body.

Question 18

What digestive function does the rectum have?

Answer 18

Feces are stored here until they leave the body.

Question 19

What digestive function does the anus have?

Answer 19

Muscular ring from which feces pass put of the body.

Question 20

How is the small intestine adapted to have a large surface are for nutrient absorption?

Answer 20

Villi and microvilli are adapted to absorption by: They give a very large surface area for faster diffusion of food (they stick out). Blood capillaries also carry the food molecules away. The intestine wall is thin.

Question 21

How do enzymes affect the speed of digestion?

Answer 21

Enzymes are known as biological catalysts as they speed up digestion (without being used up). Enzymes are special proteins that can break large molecules of nutrients into small molecules of nutrients.

Question 22

How can drugs affect peoples health and behaviour?

Answer 22

Many recreational drugs can have physically harmful effects, but when the body becomes dependent and addicted to them, a lack of the can lead to withdrawal symptoms-sweating, headaches, anxiety
They make you feel good, so you may not be fully aware of your actions, can make your reactions slower, and can give you hallucinations

Question 23

How can alcohol affect people’s health and behaviour?

Answer 23

Longterm can cause stomach ulcers, heart disease, liver and brain damage.
Make you lose control of muscles, blurred vision, slurred speech, unability to make sensible decisions,

Question 24

Effects of tar in cigarettes

Answer 24

Irritates and narrows the air ways (collects in the lungs). Some chemicals in it can cause cancer.

Question 25

Effect of nicotine in cigarettes

Answer 25

Highly addictive and speeds up the nervous system, makes heart beat faster and narrows the blood vessels

Question 26

Effects of carbon monoxide in cigarettes

Answer 26

Poisonous gas that sops blood carrying as much oxygen as it should, binds to the red blood cells in the place of oxygen

Question 27

How does smoking cause health problems?

Answer 27

It increases the risk of lung cancer, breathing problems heart disease, and male smokers are 20 percent more likely to die from lung cancer than non-smokers. Increases pregnancy problem risks.