Health And Lifestyle Flashcards

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1
Q

What is a nutrient?

A

A nutrient is a substance that the body needs to keep you alive.

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2
Q

What do carbohydrates, lipids, protein, vitamins, minerals, and fibre do?

A
  • Carbohydrates and lipids: Provide energy.
  • Protein: Helps your body grow and repair.
  • Vitamins and minerals: Keep you healthy.
  • Fibre: Adds bulk to food.
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3
Q

What factors influence a balanced diet?

A

Age, gender, activity level, and health conditions.

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4
Q

What can an unhealthy diet lead to?

A
  • Deficiencies (e.g., Vitamin A deficiency causes night blindness, Vitamin D deficiency causes rickets).
  • Obesity: Increases risk of diabetes and heart disease.
  • Being underweight: Causes fatigue and weakened immunity.
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5
Q

How do you test for protein in food?

A

Use Biuret solution; it turns purple if protein is present.

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6
Q

How do you test for lipids in food?

A

Use water and alcohol; it turns cloudy if lipids are present.

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7
Q

How do you test for starch in food?

A

Use iodine solution; it turns blue-black if starch is present.

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8
Q

How do you test for sugar in food?

A

Use Benedict’s solution and heat; it turns orange-red if sugar is present.

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9
Q

Why does food need to be digested?

A

To break down and absorb nutrients.

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10
Q

What happens in the mouth during digestion?

A

Mechanical digestion breaks food into smaller pieces.

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11
Q

What is the function of the oesophagus?

A

Carries food to the rest of the digestive system.

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12
Q

What happens in the stomach during digestion?

A

The stomach breaks down food for easier digestion.

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13
Q

What does bile from the liver do?

A

Bile breaks down fat and neutralizes stomach acid.

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14
Q

What does the pancreas contribute to digestion?

A

It adds enzymes to speed up digestion.

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15
Q

What is absorbed in the small intestine?

A

Nutrients are absorbed to be used by the body.

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16
Q

What is absorbed in the large intestine?

A

Water and vitamins are absorbed.

17
Q

What does the anus do?

A

It is where waste leaves the body.

18
Q

Why do energy needs differ between people?

A

Factors like age, gender, and activity level affect energy needs. For example, a male construction worker needs more energy than a 5–11-year-old girl.

19
Q

How is the small intestine adapted for digestion?

A
  • Villi and microvilli increase surface area.
  • It is 6 meters long and curves to fit inside the body.
20
Q

What is the role of enzymes in digestion?

A

Enzymes speed up digestion by breaking down nutrients.
- Example: Protease breaks down protein.

21
Q

What effects do drugs and alcohol have on the brain and body?

A
  • Depressants (e.g., alcohol): Slow down the brain’s reaction time.
  • Stimulants: Speed up the brain’s reaction time.
  • Hallucinogens: Cause hallucinations.
  • Painkillers: Reduce physical pain.
  • Drugs can make you high and lead to addiction by changing how the brain works.
22
Q

What are the harmful effects of smoking?

A
  • Nicotine: Causes dependence.
  • Tar: Can cause some cancers.
  • Carbon monoxide: Reduces oxygen carried by red blood cells.
  • Smoking can lead to lung disease, throat disease, and cancers.