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Health and Lifestyle Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

addiction

A

A need to keep taking a drug in order to feel normal.

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2
Q

alcoholic

A

A person who is addicted to alcohol.

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3
Q

anus

A

Muscular ring through which feces pass out of the body.

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4
Q

balanced diet

A

Eating food containing the right nutrients in the correct amounts.

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5
Q

bile

A

Substance that breaks fat into small droplets.

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6
Q

carbohydrase

A

Enzyme that breaks down carbohydrates into sugar molecules.

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7
Q

carbohydrate

A

Nutrient that provides energy.

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8
Q

catalyst

A

Substance that speeds up a reaction without being used up.

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9
Q

deficiency

A

A lack of minerals, that causes poor growth

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10
Q

depressant

A

A drug that slows down the body’s reactions by slowing down the nervous system.

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11
Q

digestion

A

Process where large molecules are broken down into small molecules.

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12
Q

digestive system

A

Group of organs that work together to break down food.

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13
Q

drug

A

Chemical substance that affects the way your body works.

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14
Q

enzyme

A

Special protein that can break large molecules into small molecules.

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15
Q

ethanol

A

The drug found in alcoholic drinks.

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16
Q

fibre

A

Provides bulk to food to keep it moving through the digestive system.

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17
Q

food test

A

Chemical test to detect the presence of particular nutrients in a food.

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18
Q

gullet

A

Tube that food travels down into the stomach.

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19
Q

hypothesis

A

An idea that is a way of explaining scientists’ observations.

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20
Q

large intestine

A

Organ where water passes back into the body, leaving a solid waste of undigested food called faeces.

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21
Q

lipase

A

Enzyme that breaks down lipids into fatty acids and glycerol.

22
Q

What do we need carbohydrates for?

A

We need them for glucose which is converted into energy.

23
Q

What do we need lipids for?

A

We need them to help us store energy.

24
Q

What do we need proteins for?

A

We need them to create new cells and repair them.

25
Q

What is the role of carbohydrates in your body?

A

main source of energy

26
Q

What is the role of lipids in your body?

A

fats and oils provide energy

27
Q

What is the role of proteins in your body?

A

growth and repair cells and tissues

28
Q

What is the role of vitamins and minerals in your body?

A

essential in small amounts to keep you healthy

29
Q

What is the role of water in your body?

A

needed in all cells and body fluids

30
Q

What is the role of fibre in your body?

A

provides bulk to food to keep it moving through the gut (not actually a nutrient)

31
Q

How do you see if starch is in food?

A

You add a few drops of idoine solution to it and if the solution turns blue-black it contains starch.

32
Q

How do you see if lipids is in food?

A

Add a few drops of ethanol into the food solution shake it and leave it for one minute and put the ethanol into a test tube of water; if it is cloudy the food has lipids.

33
Q

How do you see if sugar is in food?

A

Add a few drops of Benedict’s solution and heat it in a water bath; if the solution turns orange-red the food has sugar.

34
Q

How do you see if protein is in food?

A

Add a few drops of copper sulfate solution and sodium hyproxide solution; if the solution turns purple the food has protein.

35
Q

What fluid do you add to food to test for starch?

A

iodine solution

36
Q

What fluid do you add to food to test for lipids?

A

ethanol and then leave it in a test tube with water

37
Q

What fluid do you add to food to test for sugar?

A

Benedict’s solution and heat it in a water bath

38
Q

What fluid do you add to food to test for protein?

A

copper sulfate solution and sodium hydroxide solution

39
Q

What is a medical drug?

A

• used in medicine
• benefit your health if used correctly
• used to treat symptoms or cure
illness
• some have side effects

40
Q

What is a recreational drug?

A

• taken for enjoyment/to relax/stay awake
• normally have no health benefits
• many can be harmful
• many are illegal

41
Q

Give examples for medical drugs.

A

examples include: painkillers, antibiotics, and cough mixture

42
Q

Give examples for recreational drugs.

A

examples include: alcohol, caffeine, heroine, cocaine, tobacco

43
Q

What type of drug is alcohol and why?

A

Alcohol is a depressant because it slows down your body’s reactions.

44
Q

Drinking large amounts of alcohol over a long time can cause:

A

• stomach ulcers
• heart disease
• reduced fertility
• brain damage
• liver damage (cirrhosis)

45
Q

Drinking during pregnancy increases the risk of:

A

• miscarriage
• stillbirth
• premature birth
• low birth weight babies
• Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS)

46
Q

What is tar?

A

tar – clogs the lining of the lungs and alveoli, contains cancer-causing
chemicals

47
Q

What is nicotine?

A

nicotine – an addictive stimulant

48
Q

Why is carbon monoxide bad?

A

It stops blood from carrying oxygen

49
Q

What is an addiction?

A

When your body becomes used to the chemical changes caused by a drug and you need to take the drug to feel normal.

50
Q

What is the formula for work?

A

Work done (J) = force (N) × distance (m)

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