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case studies geo > Health and Human rights/intervention > Flashcards

Health and Human rights/intervention Flashcards

1
Q

Hans Rossling

A

Guy who did all the statistics on human development
- said that development relied on three main things
- environmental quality
- health and life expectancy
- Human rights and rights for women

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2
Q

Global economic growth

A

increased by 3.3% per year since 2015
expected to rise to 3.8%

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3
Q

Way to measure inequality within a country

A

GINI coefficient

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4
Q

Global HDI increased?

A

since 1990 2 billion people pulled above the low human development line - (still a big problem though)

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5
Q

Sharia Law

A

-Law of islam - most islamic states
- health and how welfare of people is defined
- it’s how they define it development
- however inequality of women and death penalty/capital punishment signs of low human rights and development

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6
Q

Bill of Human Rights

A

passed by the UN IN 1948
-signed by 163 different countries since then
- difficult to enforce
- different variation of levels within countries
- justifies intervention

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7
Q

Education and Development

A

60 million kids not in primary education
- in sub-saharen Africa 32 million kids not int primary education but in labour
- increasing equality for girls in school
- However… 54% of the worlds uneducated population is women
- lack of education slows down development and skilled workforce and democratic knowledge
lack of Human capital

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8
Q

Sub - Saharen Africa
- variations of development in developing countries

A

many countries there had debt cancelled in 2005
- led to improved economies to focus expenses on social and economic factors in their society’s
- Kenya, Tanzania and Mozambique had worlds fasted growing economies
- however in Africa Human development still extremely low

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9
Q

Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC)

A
  • worlds poorest country
  • conflict since 1998
  • one of the worlds lowest HDI rankings
  • Ironically, is one of the worlds richest country in terms of resources (e.g. Gold, Silver, cobalt, Diamonds)
  • leads to conflict and exploitation
  • 6 million people have died due to conflict between neighbouring countries over resources
  • worlds 3rd lowest GDP (800 USD)

Results of this are:
-most of population lice in a state of food insecurity 40% children suffer malnutrition
- 40% of children are forced to work
- 47.6% of pop get water that is prone to have water born disease in it
- avarage life ecpectancy is arounf 56 years
- most women have their first child before 20
- infant and maternal mortality rates are high
- unstable governments

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10
Q

Algeria 1980 - 2014

A
  • GDP per capita has increased by 30%
  • Life expectancy and birth rates increased by 16.6 years (now life expectancy is 76)
  • number of years in schooling has increased by 4.5 years
  • HDI value rose to become one of the highest in in Africa (0.5 to 0.7)
  • stable goverment
  • plans for development
  • reaching a couple of MIlenium development goals (MDG’s)
  • surpassing a number of them by 2015 (education, poverty and hunger and infant mortality rates)

However still shows signs of a developing country
- low litracy rates
- 20% of rural population lacking acces to sanitation
- 23% of algerians ive below the national poverty line

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11
Q

Millenium Development Goals

A

set of goals by 2015 to increase development and equality within countries agreed by the UN in 2000

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12
Q

spending on healthcare - Developed country

A

OECD countries ( organisation for economic co-operation and development)
- 1960 - health spending accounted for less than 4% and now by 2013 its 8.9%
- healthcare spending not the only factors….
- seen through evidance of NHS and private funded healthcare
- other factors such as
- lifestyle and occupation

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13
Q

Determinants

A

factors that help determine health and life expectancy
- ocupation
- education
- income
- housing
lifestyle
- immunisation

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14
Q

Variations within the developed world (UK)

A

life expectancy high in the UK but has variation across regions
- in south east England have longer life expectancy than people in scotland
- in London, life expectancy was higher for men than in manchester
- linked to a range of determinants
- north east England has below average life expectancy due to determinants and deprivation
-Some London boroughs most deprived ares in the UK
- worsening health for over 85’s
- obviously still a developed country though DUHHHH

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15
Q

Variations within the developed world (Australia)

A
  • Ethnic
  • regional
  • one of the highest life expectancy in the world
  • regional variations for life expectancy for women
  • ACT high and northern territories low
  • due to ethnic backgrounds

INDIGENOUS people
- high mortality rates
- higher levels of deprivation
- higher bad lifestyle choices
- social disadvantage
- low levels of education and employment

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16
Q

Close the gap Plan

A

Australian government 2009
- help sort the variation of development and health and life expectancy

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17
Q

Government spending (France)

A

government policies and spending crucial to development
- 56% of Frances GDP is government spending
- healthcare system, state funded
- highest out of G20 countries
- high pensions in France 15000 in annual state pensions
- education spending very high 8500 per student in 2015

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18
Q

government spending (Saudi Arabia)

A

Saudi run by royal elites
- 97% of earnings from oil exports
- control everything
- healthcare state funded and high quality
- unemployment high, hidden employment numbers as only 22% of women work in saudi arabia
- 20% of the population live in poverty apparently
- education spending is poor
- focused on religion
- still have capital punishment
- death penalty
-

19
Q

IGO’s and NGO’s helping with development

A

WTO - world trade organisation
IMF - international monetary fund
The World Bank

Have positives and negatives (Tied Aid)

20
Q

Acheivemts in millenium goals

A
  • extreme poverty declined 56%
  • improvement in gender imparity in schools
  • women increased parlimentary represemtaion
  • child death rate declined
  • 2.1 billion gained access to sanitation
    critics say need to focus on economic growth
21
Q

Bangladesh

A

6% GDP increase allowed for them to reach some MDG’s
- poverty reduction 1.74%
- 97.7% of children enrolled in primary education
- higher gender equality in education
- infant mortality rate fell
- maternal too
- land area covered by forest increased
- recieved development aid ODA

22
Q

UDHR (Universal Declaration of Human Rights)

A

Was signed in 1948 aiming to set out the fundamental human rights that everyone is entitled to. The international bill of human rights form the basis of international law but UDHR is not legally binding.
* The UDHR was adopted by the UN

23
Q

ECHR

A

The European convention on Human Rights is a number of 59 articles, each setting out a specific human rights.

24
Q

BRitish law

A

Passed in 1998 incorporated into UK law the rights contained in the ECHR.

25
Q

Geneva convention

A

War crimes have been tried at international Criminal tribunals for the civil wars in Rwanda (1994) and the former Yugoslavia (1992-95)

26
Q

Democratic freedom and human rights: China

A

single party authoratiarian state
- Human rights to western
- lack of freedom of expression
- however growing economy called for greater democrtic freedom

27
Q

Inidia

A
  • worlds largest democracy
  • freedom of speech and freedom of religion
  • protect high human rights
  • howver still dicrimination towrds women and ethnic minoritys- factionalism and classism
28
Q

syria

A

2016
- bad bad bad
- geneva conventiona are abused in syria
- barrel bombs
- target of civilians
- target ambulances
- hospitals

29
Q

yugoslavia Human rights abuses
- genocide

A

2016 - former political leader convicted of war crimes and genocide
- srebrenica masacare
- ethnic cleansing, bosnian muslims
- 8000 muslium men a boys killed
- 23,000 women suffered depotation and rape
- UN convicted the guy
- HUman rights difficult to prsecute and take lots of time
-

30
Q

singapore

A

one of world highest GDP per capita but comes at cost of human rights for women
- migrant workers and human trafickting

31
Q

political corruption Lebanon

A

high levels of political corruption
- aid mony lost to corruption
- 43% of lebanease comanys pay bribes
- failed to hold general election
- lack of waste removal
- protests met with lots of force
- torture of syrian refugees?
low income countries = high levels of political corruption

32
Q

direct militray action

A

USA UK 2003 in iraq
- Saddam Hussein

33
Q

indirect action

A

2017 - british forces training nigerian

34
Q

National sovereignty and R2P Libya

A
  • 10th largest oil reserves
  • capitals one of the wealthyiest in africa
  • protest violently repressed by Gaddafi
  • bombing raids sanctioned by UN by France and UK
  • TRADE EMBARGOES ALSO SET UP
  • left UN divided - china and russia did not vote
  • threat to libyas national sov
  • rich counties always interfereing
  • only to change to government
  • now unstabe conditions since 2011
35
Q

Haiti - development aid

A
  • 13.5 billion in donations
  • 10,000 NGO’s working there
  • work force made up of non-hatians
  • become aid dependant
  • economy is trash basically
36
Q

develpoment aid success?

A

polio cured

  • protection against malaria
  • infections fell by 37%
  • death rate by 60%
  • 6.2 million deaths prevented since 2000
37
Q

environmental protection?

A

oil Niger delta run by TNC’s
- huge diverse ecological zones
- 31 million people
- oil here makes up 75% of governments income
- should lead to economic development but noooooooo
- 70% of people live below the poverty line
- less regulated
- less then 20% of the area is accesable by good roads
- education and healthcare underfunded
- poor sanitation
- traditional livelyhoods damaged by pollution

  • oil spills common 550 in 2014
  • mangroves destroyed
  • acid rain
  • 1 billion to clear up
  • coruption due to oil and weak governance
38
Q

Ebola - west africa

A
  • development Aid success
  • in 2014 large amounts of case arising
  • by 2016 WHO declared it disease free
  • wide area covered
  • lots of aid provided
  • healthcare centres set up
  • funding of central health care systems
  • success
39
Q

Haiti again

A
  • remains one of poorest countries in the world
  • weak government
  • NGO’s pay higher salaries so skilled workforce work for them
  • much of aid spent on contacts
  • worlds most unequal country GINI coefficiant
  • HR are a problem to in Haiti in 2015 human rights groups reported high arrests
40
Q

aid just for personal gain

A

china - in africa
- demands high resource
- even argued as neo-collonealim
- china in UK

INDIA - uses aid to support it to get into the UN secuirity council

JORDAN- recieves aid for its military support against islamic states
- sahres intelegence with US

41
Q

IRAQ war

A
  • 2003
  • justified due to Weapons of mass destruction
  • chemical and biological weapons
  • and violation of human rights -
    — had its first free election afterwards in 50 years
    —
    —
    howevr
  • in the short term yes they did remove the leader SH
  • no trace of WMD
  • opressive forces by US
  • terrorist groups took advantage of political instablility afterwards
  • sunni and shia relations worsened
  • coruption has grown
  • Human rights still bad there
  • attacks on civilians
  • thousands held hostage
  • america breaking human rights though too
  • UK also
42
Q

TIMOR - LESTE

A

non militray intervention
- arms embargoes on indonesia
- withdrew peacefully
- 2002 became fully independant
-

43
Q

Zimbabwae

A
  • No militray action not success
  • Mugabe
  • environmental, political, economic and social reluts of no intervention
  • huge amounts of poverty
  • life expectancy is low around 59
  • 82% of govermnet budget is put towards government salaries
  • deforestation id high for tobbaco plantations
    • Human rights violations
  • embargoes also led to further decrease in development-
  • allowing to blame west and have good propaganda
44
Q
A

case studies geo (4 decks)

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