health and human

Question 1

Health and Wellbeing

Answer 1

The state of a person’s physical, social, emotional, mental and spiritual existence is characterized by an equilibrium in which the individual feels happy, healthy, capable and engaged.

Question 2

emotional health and wellbeing

+ its characteristics for optimal emotional h and wb

Answer 2

relates to the ability to express emotions and feelings in a positive way. the ability to have a high level of resilience and to feel emotionally secure and relaxed in everyday life.

recognises and understand the range of emotions
have a high level of resistance
experience appropriate emtions in different scenarios
effectively respond and manage emotions

Question 3

social health and wellbeing

+ its characteristics for optimal social h and wb

Answer 3

Relates to the ability to form meaningful and satisfying relationships with others and the ability to manage or adapt appropriately to different social situations. It also includes the level of support provided by family within a community to ensure that every person has an equal opportunity to function as a contributing member of society.

a supportive network of friends
a supportive and well-functioning family
effective communication with others
productive relationships with other people
ability to adapt or manage appropriately to different social situations

Question 4

physical health and wellbeing

+ its characteristics for optimal physical h and wb

Answer 4

relates to the functioning of the body and its systems it includes the physical capacity to perform daily tasks or activities.

healthy body weight
strong immune system 
appropriate levels of fitness
adequate energy levels
well-functioning body systems

Question 5

mental health and wellbeing

+ its characteristics for optimal mental h and wb

Answer 5

The current state of wellbeing relates to a person’s mind or brain and the ability to think and process information. A mentally healthy brain enables an individual to positively form opinions, make decisions and use logic.

low levels of stress and anxiety
positive self-esteem
process information to solve problems 
high levels of confidence
positive thought patterns

Question 6

spiritual health and wellbeing

+ its characteristics for optimal spiritual h and wb

Answer 6

Relates to ideas, beliefs values, ethics that arise in the minds and conscience of human beings. It includes the concepts of hope, peace, a guiding sense of meaning or value, and reflection of your place in the world.

peace and harmony 
developed personal values and beliefs
acting according to values and beilefd
positive meaning and purpose in life
a sense of belonging in the world

Question 7

Burden of disease

Answer 7

A measure of the impact of diseases and injuries, specifically it measures the gap between current health status and an ideal situation where everyone lives to an old age free of disease and disability. Burden of disease is measured in a unit called DALY.

Question 8

Disability adjusted life year (DALY)

Answer 8

A measure of the burden of disease. One daly is equal to one year of healthy life lost due to illness and or death. Dalys are calculated as the sum of the years of life lost due to premature death and the lives lived with disability for people living with the health condition or its consequences.

Question 9

Self assessed health care status

Answer 9

An individual’s own opinion about how they feel about their health, their state of mind and their life in general.

Question 10

Years of life lost (YLL)

Answer 10

A measure of how many years of expected life are lost due to premature death.

Question 11

Years lost due to disability (YLD)

Answer 11

A measure of how many healthy years of life are lost due to disease, injury or disability.

Question 12

Morbidity

Answer 12

Ill health in an individual and levels of ill health within a population (often expressed through incidence and prevalence).

Question 13

Mortality

Answer 13

The number of deaths in a population in a given period.

Question 14

Hale

Answer 14

The average length of time an individual at a specific time can expect to live in full health; that is, time lived without health consequences of disease or injury.

Question 15

Life expectancy

Answer 15

The number of years of life, on average, remains to an individual at a particular age if death rates don’t change. The most commonly used measure is life expectancy at birth.

Question 16

importance (benefits) of health and wellbeing as a resource individually

Answer 16

• increases life expectancy as they have optimal physical h+wb and are healthy and lacking disease, injury or illness
• increases self-esteem and positive self-image as optimal physical h+wb results in a healthy body weight
• reduces the pain and suffering associated with chronic disease, physical ailments and psychological distress.
• work productively to maximise income
• reduce medical costs due to optimal physical health and wellbeing

Question 17

importance (benefits) of health and wellbeing as a resource nationally

Answer 17

• increased productivity and increases national income
• reduces burden on the healthcare system
• reduced stress and anxiety in the community
• increased social participation including effective government healthcare and education systems

Question 18

importance (benefits) of health and wellbeing as a resource globally

Answer 18

• a decrease in health threats such as infectious diseases crossing borders
• a decrease in non-communicable diseases (cancer, diabetes, and heart disease impacting older people.
• reduction in malnutrition or preventable disease in low-income countries.
• global economic activity and productivity increases
• an increase in social-economic development by more low-income countries.
• peace and stability

Question 19

prerequisites for health

Answer 19

peace, shelter, education, food, income, a stable ecosystem, sustainable resources, social justice and equity.

Question 20

Disease

Answer 20

A physical or mental disturbance involving symptoms, dysfunction or tissue damage.

Question 21

Illness

Answer 21

A subjective concept related to a personal experience of disease or injury.

Question 22

Prevalence

Answer 22

The total number or proportion of cases of a particular disease or condition present in a population at a given time.

Question 23

Incidence

Answer 23

Refers to the number or rate of new cases of disease/condition in a population during a given period.

Question 24

why is health and wellbeing dynamic

Answer 24

health and wellbeing is dynamic as an individual’s health is constantly changing e.g body weight, moods, emotions, and stress levels.

Question 25

Maternal mortality

Answer 25

Death of a mother during pregnancy, childbirth, or within six weeks of delivery.

Question 26

Infant mortality rate

Answer 26

The rate of deaths of infants before their first birthday, usally expressed per 1000 live births.

Question 27

equity

Answer 27

equity relates to fairness. it is about ensuring every person (with a particular focus on disadvantaged groups) can access the resources they need in order to achieve a decent standard of living with a high level of health and wellbeing.