Health and health needs assessment Flashcards
Define health?
A state of complete physical, mental and social wellbeing and not merely the absence of disease
What are the three main domains of public health?
Define each.
PIS: protection, improvement, service improvement
Health improvement: aimed at preventing disease, reducing inequality, promoting heath
Health protection: aimed at controlling infectious disease risk and environmental hazards
Service improvement: aimed at organising and delivering safe, high quality services
Define public health?
The science and art of preventing disease, prolonging life and promoting health through organised efforts of society
What are some determinants of health inequalities?
PROGRESS
Place of residence Race/ethnicity Occupation Gender Religion Education Socio-economic status Social capital / resources
What’s the inverse care law?
Availability of medical or social care tends to vary inversely with need of the population
Equality vs equity?
Equality = equal shares, everyone gets the same
Equity = people with the most need get more so that everyone’s at an even level
What is a health needs assessment?
Systematic review the health issues affecting the population
Which leads to agreed priorities
And resource allocation that will improve health and decrease inequality
Draw the health needs assessment planning cycle?
N PIE
Needs assessment –> planning –> implementation –> evaluation –> needs assessment
What are 3 types of health needs assessment?
Epidemiological:
Comparative
Corporate
What 3 things are assessed in a health needs assessment?
Need: ability to benefit from an intervention
Supply: what’s provided
Demand: what people ask for
What are the types of need? Who came up with these?
Bradshaw’s needs
FENC
Felt: individual perceptions of deviations from normal health (people’s views on ill-health)
Expressed: seeking help to overcome variation in normal health (what people ask for to help with their ill-health)
Normative: professional defines intervention for expressed need (what Drs think)
Comparative: comparison between severity, range of interventions and cost (?)
Draw three circles for need, demand, supply.
Three interlocking circles
What’s needed and supplied but not demanded?
GU contact tracing
Health promotion
Some screening
Needed but not supplied or demanded?
Some palliative care services
Contraceptive services in some countries
Needed and demanded but not supplied?
Waiting lists
TB services
Supplied and demanded but not needed?
Antibiotics for sore throat
Cosmetic surgery
Supplied and demanded and needed?
Free contraception
Operations for cataracts
Supplied but not needed or demanded?
Over 75 health check
Proven not to help
What 3 approaches to health needs assessment are there?
Epidemiological
Comparative
Corporate
What are the aims of epidemiological assessment?
What about limitations?
Using existing data to identify populations based on current trends, services, scale of problem.
Also recommends improvements
Data available may be poor or inadequate
Doesn’t consider felt need
What are the aims of comparative assessment?
What about limitations?
Compares services received by one population to another
Data available may be poor quality
Hard to find comparable population
What are the aims of corporate assessment?
What about limitations?
Takes into account views of any groups that may have an interest
Patients, health professionals, media, politicians
May be hard to distinguish need from demand
Groups have vested interest
Dominant people may have undue influence
Who wrote the hierarchy of need?
Maslow
Describe Maslow’s hierarchy of need?
SELSP
Self actualisation:
- morality
- creativity
- problem solving
- lack of predjudice
Esteem:
- self-esteem / confidence
- achievement
- respect (of and by others)
Love/belonging
- friendship
- family
- sexual intimacy
Safety
- health
- employment
- money
- property
Physiological
- breathing
- food / water
- sex
- sleep
