Health Flashcards
What are the 4 steps to skill acquisition?
Unconsciously unskilled
Consciously unskilled
Consciously skilled
Unconsciously skilled
What are the steps to change readiness?
Pre-contemplation stage Contemplation stage Preparation stage Maintenance stage Relapse stage
What is the nursing process in health promotion and prevention?
Assessment, planning, implementation, evaluation
What are the steps of the Gibbs Reflective Cycle?
Description Feelings Evaluation Analysis Conclusion Action plan
What is the role of WHO?
Applies the principles of and strategies for health promotion.
Promote to a variety of population groups, risk factors and diseases in various settings.
Health promotion, education, community development, policy, legislation and regulation are equally valid for prevention of …
Communicable diseases
Non-communicable diseases (injury, violence, mental problems)
What is primary prevention?
To avoid occurrence of disease (population based) eg. immunisations.
What is secondary prevention?
To diagnose and treat existent disease in early stages before morbidity occurs eg. chemotherapy.
What is tertiary prevention?
To reduce negative impact of existent disease by restoring function and reducing disease related complications eg. diabetes.
What is quaternary prevention?
To mitigate or avoid results of unnecessary or excessive interventions in the health system.
What is universal prevention?
Involves whole population (nation, school, local community). All individuals (without screening) are provided with skills and info to prevent illness.
What is selective prevention?
Involves groups whose risk of developing health issues are above average.
Cohorts may be identified by traits eg. SES, gender, age
Eg. Angelina Jolie mastectomy.
What is indicated prevention?
Involves screening to identify individuals exhibiting early signs of illness eg. bowel cancer kit.
What are the Adult Literacy and Life Skills (ALLS) for?
Designed to identify and measure literacy which can be linked to social and economic characteristics of people (within and between countries).
Levels 1 - 5
What are the 4 domains of ALLS?
Prose - to understand and use information from a variety of narrative texts.
Document - locate and use information contained in various formats.
Numeracy - to mange and respond to mathematical demands.
Problem solving - goal orientated thinking and action in situations where no routine solution is available.
What is the minimum ALLS level required to meet demands of everyday life & work?
Level 3
Majority of people do not meet the minimum and are therefore unable to access adequate health information (60% at level 3).
What is health literacy?
The knowledge and skills required to understand and use information related to health issues
Eg. first aid, alcohol, drugs, staying healthy, disease prevention and treatment, safety and accident prevention.
How is health literacy conceptualised?
Asset - to nurture effective engagement between people and health care professionals/health care system, to improve self management of health conditions, broader community setting.
Risk Factor - identify deficits in functional literacy, addressed through health education strategies, clinical setting.
What are the 10 determinants of social health?
The social gradient Transport Work Social support Addiction Stress Early life Social exclusion Food security Unemployment
What is the social gradient?
People lower on the social ladder are twice as likely to experience serious illness and premature death than people at the top of the ladder.
What are the social determinants of health influenced by?
Conditions in which people are born, grow, live, work age.
Shaped by distribution of money, power, resources.
Can exist at multiple levels, be cumulative, be causal/protective.
Are responsible for health inequities.
What is the Alma Ata definition of health?
State of complete physical, mental and social wellbeing, and not merely the absence of disease.
What is the Ottawa Charter (WHO) definition of health?
Health promotion is the process of enabling people to increase control over, and to improve their health …
A positive concept emphasising social and personal resources as well as physical capabilities.
Seen as a resource for everyday life, not the objective of living.
What is the biomedical model of health?
Focuses on risk behaviours and healthy lifestyles.
Emphasises health education – changing knowledge, attitudes and skills.
Focuses on individual responsibility.
Treats people in isolation of their environments.
What is the contemporary social model of health?
Addresses the broader determinants of health. Involves inter-sectoral collaboration. Acts to reduce social inequities. Empowers individuals and communities. Acts to enable access to health care.
