Health

Question 1

LDL (bad) cholesterol

Answer 1

s the bad one. LDL collects in the walls of blood vessels, causing the blockages of atherosclerosis. Higher LDL levels put you at greater risk for a heart attack from a sudden blood clot in an artery narrowed by atherosclerosis.

Question 2

High density lipoprotein

Answer 2

(good) cholesterol-HDL cholesterol is the well-behaved “good cholesterol.” This friendly scavenger cruises the bloodstream. As it does, it removes harmful bad cholesterol from where it doesn’t belong. High HDL levels reduce the risk for heart disease – but low levels increase the risk.

Question 3

Triglycerides

Answer 3

are a type of fat (lipid) found in your blood. When you eat, your body converts any calories it doesn’t need to use right away into triglycerides. The triglycerides are stored in your fat cells

Question 4

Anaerobic exercise

Answer 4

is short-lasting, high-intensity activity, where your body’s demand for oxygen exceeds the oxygen supply available. Anaerobic exercise relies on energy sources that are stored in the muscles

Question 5

Aerobic exercise

Answer 5

provides cardiovascular conditioning. The term aerobic actually means “with oxygen,” which means that breathing controls the amount of oxygen that can make it to the muscles to help them burn fuel and move.

Question 6

Isokinetic exercise

Answer 6

Exercise performed using a specialized apparatus that provides variable resistance to a movement, so that no matter how much effort is exerted, the movement takes place at a constant speed

Question 7

Isometric exercise

Answer 7

or isometrics are a type of strength training in which the joint angle and muscle length do not change during contraction

Question 8

Isotonic exercise

Answer 8

when a contracting muscle shortens against a constant load, as when lifting a weight. Isotonic exercise is one method of muscular exercise.

Question 9

Muscle atrophy

Answer 9

is the wasting or loss of muscle tissue.

Question 10

Muscle hypertrophy

Answer 10

involves an increase in size of skeletal muscle through a growth in size of its component cells.

Question 11

Body dysmorphic disorder

Answer 11

disorder is a type of chronic mental illness in which you can’t stop thinking about a flaw in your appearance — a flaw that is either minor or imagined. But to you, your appearance seems so shameful that you don’t want to be seen by anyone

Question 12

Anorexia nervosa

Answer 12

self-starvation originating from a fear of becoming overweight.

Question 13

Bulimia nervosa

Answer 13

bingeing on food and then purging it as a way to control body weight.

Question 14

Excessive eating disorder

Answer 14

Binge-eating disorder is a serious eating disorder in which you frequently consume unusually large amounts of food and feel unable to stop eating.

Question 15

Cholesterol

Answer 15

Cholesterol is a waxy, fat-like substance that’s found in all cells of the body. Your body needs some cholesterol to make hormones, vitamin D, and substances that help you digest foods. Your body makes all the cholesterol it needs. However, cholesterol also is found in some of the foods you eat. Cholesterol travels through your bloodstream in small packages called lipoproteins (lip-o-PRO-teens). These packages are made of fat (lipid) on the inside and proteins on the outside.

Question 16

Amenorrhea

Answer 16

(uh-men-o-REE-uh) is the absence of menstruation — one or more missed menstrual periods. Women who have missed at least three menstrual periods in a row have amenorrhea,

Question 17

Body composition

Answer 17

includes, bone, organs, muscle, and other tissue.

Question 18

Body mass index

Answer 18

(BMI) is a person’s weight in kilograms divided by the square of height in meters. A high BMI can be an indicator of high body fatness.

Question 19

Bioelectrical impedance

Answer 19

Bioelectrical impedance measures the resistance of body tissues to the flow of a small, harmless electrical signal. Current flows more easily through the parts of the body that are composed mostly of water (blood, urine and muscle) than it does through bone, fat or air. Bioelectrical impedance measures the strength and speed of the electrical signal sent through the body (impedance measure). It then uses this measurement and information such as height, weight and gender to predict how much body fat a person has.

Question 20

Skinfold caliper testing

Answer 20

skinfold estimation methods are based on a skinfold test, also known as a pinch test, whereby a pinch of skin is precisely measured by calipers at several standardized points on the body to determine the subcutaneous fat layer thickness.

Question 21

Hydrostatic weighing

Answer 21

Underwater weighing: A method for determining the lean body mass. This method weighs a person underwater and then calculates the lean body mass (muscle) and body fat. This method is one of the more accurate ones. However, it is generally done in special research facilities, and the equipment is costly

Question 22

Cardiovascular system

Answer 22

Relating to the circulatory system, which comprises the heart and blood vessels and carries nutrients and oxygen to the tissues of the body and removes carbon dioxide and other wastes from them.

Question 23

Antagonist muscle

Answer 23

The antagonist muscle opposes the agonist muscle during an exercise. For example, during the lifting phase of a biceps curl, the triceps muscles lengthen as the biceps contract, making the biceps the agonist and the triceps the antagonist

Question 24

Agonist muscle

Answer 24

The term agonist refers to the muscle that is primarily responsible for a specific joint motion, or the muscle that is directly involved in a contraction. For example, during the lifting phase of a biceps curl, the agonists are the bicep muscles.

Question 25

Fast twitch muscle fiber

Answer 25

fast-twitch muscles fatigue faster but are used in powerful bursts of movements like sprinting.

Question 26

Slow twitch muscle fiber

Answer 26

help enable long-endurance feats such as distance running

Question 27

Atherosclerosis

Answer 27

A process of progressive thickening and hardening of the walls of medium-sized and large arteries as a result of fat deposits on their inner lining. Risk factors for atherosclerosis include high levels of “bad” cholesterol, high blood pressure (hypertension), smoking, diabetes and a genetic family history of atherosclerotic disease.

Question 28

Diastolic blood pressure

Answer 28

or the bottom number indicates the pressure in the arteries when the heart rests between beats. A normal diastolic blood pressure number is less than 80. A diastolic blood pressure between 80 and 89 indicates prehypertension. A diastolic blood pressure number of 90 or higher is considered to be hypertension or high blood pressure.

Question 29

Systolic blood pressure

Answer 29

When your heart beats, it contracts and pushes blood through the arteries to the rest of the body. This force creates pressure on the arteries. This is called systolic blood pressure. A normal systolic blood pressure is below 120. A systolic blood pressure of 120 to 139 means you have prehypertension, or borderline high blood pressure.

Question 30

Hypertension

Answer 30

or high blood pressure is a common condition in which the long-term force of the blood against your artery walls is high enough that it may eventually cause health problems, such as heart disease.

Question 31

Carbohydrate

Answer 31

any one of various substances found in certain foods (such as bread, rice, and potatoes) that provide your body with heat and energy and are made of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen

Question 32

Lipids

Answer 32

are a group of naturally occurring molecules that include fats, waxes, sterols, fat-soluble vitamins (such as vitamins A, D, E, and K), monoglycerides, diglycerides, triglycerides, phospholipids, and others.

Question 33

Saturated fat

Answer 33

From a chemical standpoint, saturated fats are simply fat molecules that have no double bonds between carbon molecules because they are saturated with hydrogen molecules. Saturated fats are typically solid at room temperature.