Health Flashcards
What are the five main functions of the skeletal system?
- provides framework
- helps with movement
- protects vital organs
- blood cell formation
- stores minerals and salts ( especially calcium)
What are the five types of bone?
Short bones Long bones Flat bones Irregular bones Sesamoid bones
What are short bones?
They are roughly cubicle, same width and length
Carpals and tarsals
What are long bones?
Longer than width and contain bone marrow
Femur and phalanges and humerus
What are flat bones?
Provide flat areas for muscle attachment and protect organs
Scapula, sternum and skull
What are irregular bones?
Have no specific characteristics
Bones of the face and vertebrae
What are sesamoid bones?
Small bones developed in tendons around joints
The patella
What are the three functions of the muscular system?
To create movement
To maintain good posture
To maintain bodily functions
What are the types of muscles?
Skeletal muscles
Smooth muscles
Cardiac muscle
What are skeletal muscles?
they pull on the bones to create movement, you can exercise them to gain strength and power
What are smooth muscles?
called involuntary muscles, in the digestive system, in the walls of other organs and in blood vessels
What is a cardiac muscle?
Is the muscle of the heart, has the appearance of a skeletal muscle but is an involuntary muscle
What are the two types of muscle fibres?
Fast twitch fibres
Slow twitch fibres
What is fast twitch muscle fibres?
They are white and used for power such as sprinting, jumping and throwing. They contract rapidly no with a lot of speed and force
What are slow twitch fibres?
They are red and used for longer duration activities of lower effort and force. Such as swimming, running and cycling. They control our posture
List the ten body systems
Nervous Endocrine Skin Respiratory Circulatory Excretory Digestive Skeletal Muscular Reproductive
Do bones grow?
Yes they grow in length from ages 15-18 for girls and 16-18 for boys
What are joints?
They occur when two or more bones meet and join together
What are the three types of joints?
Immovable fibrous joints
Slightly movable cartilaginous joints
Freely movable joints synovial
What are connective tissue?
They create movement at the joint and act as a lubricant and shock absorber between the bones
What are the three main types of connective tissue?
Cartilage
Tendons
Ligaments
How many muscles do we have?
Over 600
Can people be born with more or less of slow/fast twitch fibres? What would they be better at?
Yes if more fast fibres then you are naturally better at fast paced things if more slow you are naturally better at long duration and low effort
How many fast/slow twitch fibres do we have?
We usually have an even amount but can increase the fast or slow fibres by specifically training them
