Health Flashcards
What are the five main functions of the skeletal system?
- provides framework
- helps with movement
- protects vital organs
- blood cell formation
- stores minerals and salts ( especially calcium)
What are the five types of bone?
Short bones Long bones Flat bones Irregular bones Sesamoid bones
What are short bones?
They are roughly cubicle, same width and length
Carpals and tarsals
What are long bones?
Longer than width and contain bone marrow
Femur and phalanges and humerus
What are flat bones?
Provide flat areas for muscle attachment and protect organs
Scapula, sternum and skull
What are irregular bones?
Have no specific characteristics
Bones of the face and vertebrae
What are sesamoid bones?
Small bones developed in tendons around joints
The patella
What are the three functions of the muscular system?
To create movement
To maintain good posture
To maintain bodily functions
What are the types of muscles?
Skeletal muscles
Smooth muscles
Cardiac muscle
What are skeletal muscles?
they pull on the bones to create movement, you can exercise them to gain strength and power
What are smooth muscles?
called involuntary muscles, in the digestive system, in the walls of other organs and in blood vessels
What is a cardiac muscle?
Is the muscle of the heart, has the appearance of a skeletal muscle but is an involuntary muscle
What are the two types of muscle fibres?
Fast twitch fibres
Slow twitch fibres
What is fast twitch muscle fibres?
They are white and used for power such as sprinting, jumping and throwing. They contract rapidly no with a lot of speed and force
What are slow twitch fibres?
They are red and used for longer duration activities of lower effort and force. Such as swimming, running and cycling. They control our posture
List the ten body systems
Nervous Endocrine Skin Respiratory Circulatory Excretory Digestive Skeletal Muscular Reproductive
Do bones grow?
Yes they grow in length from ages 15-18 for girls and 16-18 for boys
What are joints?
They occur when two or more bones meet and join together
What are the three types of joints?
Immovable fibrous joints
Slightly movable cartilaginous joints
Freely movable joints synovial
What are connective tissue?
They create movement at the joint and act as a lubricant and shock absorber between the bones
What are the three main types of connective tissue?
Cartilage
Tendons
Ligaments
How many muscles do we have?
Over 600
Can people be born with more or less of slow/fast twitch fibres? What would they be better at?
Yes if more fast fibres then you are naturally better at fast paced things if more slow you are naturally better at long duration and low effort
How many fast/slow twitch fibres do we have?
We usually have an even amount but can increase the fast or slow fibres by specifically training them
What does the nervous system do?
Sends messages to the rest of the body
What does the endocrine do?
It makes hormones
What does our skin do?
Protects us from disease and keeps fluids inside our bodies
What does the respiratory system do?
Oxygen intake and carbon dioxide removal
What does our circulatory system do?
Transports materials to and from all body cells
What does excretory system do?
Excretion of waste products
What does our digestive system do?
Provides nutrients for energy production
What does our skeletal system do?
Provides movement, shape and protection of vital organs
What does our muscular system do?
Creates movement by pulling on our bones, aids digestion and breathing
What does the reproduction system do?
Reproduces our species
What does our physical, mental and emotional health depend on?
Depend on all the systems of the body being in order
What do bones do?
Provide framework and levers for movement
What do muscles do?
Muscles pull on our bones (levers) to create movement
What do joints do?
They allow us to bend thus creating movement
What is bone made up of?
50% water 50% solid
Do bones have a hollow centre?
Yes some long bones are hollow which has bone marrow inside
Are bone living?
They are living structures capable of repair, growth and adaption
