Health Flashcards
Disease: Influenza
Causative Organism: RNA virus | Affected Organs: Respiratory passages (trachea and bronchi) | Transmission: Droplet infection | Vaccine: Available, but constantly evolving due to mutations
Disease: Common Cold
Causative Organism: Rhino-virus (RNA virus) | Affected Organs: Respiratory passage | Transmission: Droplet (assumed) | Vaccine: Flu shots available
Disease: Smallpox
Causative Organism: RNA virus | Affected Organs: Skin (visible), respiratory pathway | Transmission: Droplet | Vaccine: First-ever vaccine (Edward Jenner), no longer needed
Disease: Chickenpox
Causative Organism: Chickenpox Virus | Affected Organs: Skin rash, respiratory passage | Transmission: Airborne droplets | Vaccine: Live attenuated virus (LAV)
Disease: Mumps
Causative Organism: RNA virus | Affected Organs: Respiratory passage, salivary glands | Transmission: Droplet | Vaccine: Live attenuated virus (LAV)
Disease: Measles
Causative Organism: RNA virus | Affected Organs: Respiratory passage, lungs, spreads to skin | Transmission: Droplet | Vaccine: Live attenuated virus (LAV)
Disease: Rubella (German Measles)
Causative Organism: RNA virus | Affected Organs: Respiratory passage, lymph nodes | Transmission: Droplet | Vaccine: MMR vaccine (Measles, Mumps, Rubella)
Disease: Polio
Causative Organism: RNA virus | Affected Organs: Nervous system, can cause paralysis | Transmission: Fecal-oral, droplet, contaminated water | Vaccine: Oral Polio Vaccine (OPV), IPV (injectable)
Disease: Yellow Fever
Causative Organism: RNA virus | Affected Organs: Liver, kidneys, heart | Transmission: Aedes mosquito bite (vector) | Vaccine: Live attenuated virus (LAV)
Disease: AIDS
Causative Organism: Retrovirus (HIV) | Affected Organs: Immune system | Transmission: Sexual contact, blood, vertical transmission | Vaccine: None
Disease: Ebola
Causative Organism: Ebola virus (RNA) | Affected Organs: Multiple organs, severe dehydration, fatal | Transmission: Zoonotic, contact with bodily fluids | Vaccine: None
Disease: Zika
Causative Organism: RNA virus | Affected Organs: Mild symptoms, can cause birth defects in pregnant women | Transmission: Aedes mosquito bite, sometimes sexual | Vaccine: None
Disease: Rotavirus
Causative Organism: RNA virus | Affected Organs: GI tract, severe diarrhea | Transmission: Fecal-oral route | Vaccine: Yes, recently developed
Disease: Japanese Encephalitis (JE)
Causative Organism: ssRNA virus | Affected Organs: Brain, nervous system | Transmission: Mosquito bite (Culex) | Vaccine: Yes
Disease: Kyasanur Forest Disease (KFD)
Causative Organism: ssRNA virus | Affected Organs: Multiple organs, hemorrhagic fever | Transmission: Tick bite | Vaccine: Yes
Disease: Diphtheria
Causative Organism: Corynebacterium diphtheriae | Affected Organs: Throat, heart, nerves | Transmission: Droplet, direct contact | Vaccine: DPT vaccine
Disease: Tuberculosis (TB)
Causative Organism: Mycobacterium tuberculosis | Affected Organs: Lungs, other organs | Transmission: Airborne droplets | Vaccine: BCG vaccine
Disease: Pertussis (Whooping Cough)
Causative Organism: Bordetella pertussis | Affected Organs: Respiratory system | Transmission: Droplet | Vaccine: DPT vaccine
Disease: Gonorrhea
Causative Organism: Neisseria gonorrhoeae | Affected Organs: Genitals, throat, rectum | Transmission: Sexual contact | Vaccine: None, treated with antibiotics
Disease: Syphilis
Causative Organism: Treponema pallidum | Affected Organs: Multiple organs, nervous system in late stages | Transmission: Sexual contact, congenital | Vaccine: None, treated with antibiotics
Disease: Tetanus
Causative Organism: Clostridium tetani | Affected Organs: Nervous system, muscles | Transmission: Wound contamination | Vaccine: Tetanus toxoid (TT)
Disease: Cholera
Causative Organism: Vibrio cholerae | Affected Organs: Intestines, severe dehydration | Transmission: Contaminated water or food | Vaccine: Oral cholera vaccine
Disease: Typhoid
Causative Organism: Salmonella Typhi | Affected Organs: Intestines, fever | Transmission: Contaminated food or water | Vaccine: Typhoid vaccine (oral or injectable)
Disease: Bacterial Dysentery
Causative Organism: Shigella spp. | Affected Organs: Intestines, severe diarrhea | Transmission: Fecal-oral route | Vaccine: None, treated with antibiotics
Disease: Haemophilus Influenzae type b (HiB) disease
Causative Organism: H. influenzae | Affected Organs: Brain (meningitis), lungs, throat | Transmission: Droplet | Vaccine: HiB vaccine
Disease: Hepatitis A
Causative Organism: Hepatitis A virus (HAV) | Affected Organs: Liver | Transmission: Fecal-oral, contaminated food/water | Vaccine: Yes, inactivated virus vaccine
Disease: Hepatitis B
Causative Organism: Hepatitis B virus (HBV) | Affected Organs: Liver | Transmission: Blood, sexual contact, vertical transmission | Vaccine: Yes, part of national immunization schedule
Disease: Hepatitis C
Causative Organism: Hepatitis C virus (HCV) | Affected Organs: Liver | Transmission: Blood, sexual contact | Vaccine: None, but antiviral treatments available
Disease: Hepatitis D
Causative Organism: Hepatitis D virus (HDV, defective RNA virus) | Affected Organs: Liver | Transmission: Blood, sexual contact (requires HBV coinfection) | Vaccine: No separate vaccine, prevented through Hepatitis B vaccination
Disease: Hepatitis E
Causative Organism: Hepatitis E virus (HEV) | Affected Organs: Liver | Transmission: Fecal-oral, contaminated water | Vaccine: Yes, but not widely available globally (HEV 239 in China)
Disease: Malaria
Causative Organism: Plasmodium species (P. falciparum, P. vivax) | Affected Organs: Liver, blood | Transmission: Anopheles mosquito bite | Vaccine: RTS,S (Mosquirix):contentReference[oaicite:2]{index=2}
Disease: Kala-azar (Visceral Leishmaniasis)
Causative Organism: Leishmania donovani | Affected Organs: Liver, spleen, bone marrow | Transmission: Sandfly bite | Vaccine: None, but treatable with drugs:contentReference[oaicite:3]{index=3}
