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Test Revision > Health > Flashcards

Health Flashcards

1
Q

What acronym should you use when helping someone sick or injured?

A

DRSABCD

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2
Q

Why should you look for danger?

A

To ensure you, and any other person, are safe in this situation. If you are injured, then you are unable to help anyone and instead increase the number of people who require help.

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3
Q

What numbers should you call for help?

A

000 or 112

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4
Q

What does the DRSABCD stand for?

A

D - Check for danger
R - Check for a response
S - Send for help
A - Check and clear airways
B - Check for breathing
C - Begin CPR
D - Find and use a defibrillator

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5
Q

What are the three types of drugs?

A

Stimulants, depressants and hallucinogenics

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6
Q

How should you clear an airway?

A

Tilt the head up gently. Use your pointer and middle finger to gently scoop out and clear anything in the airway. Ensure you don’t push anything further down.

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7
Q

What does a stimulant do?

A

Stimulants enhance the nervous system and cause hyperactivity such as increased heartrate, agressive and angry outbursts, risky or impulsive behaviours and twitchy or jitteriness.

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8
Q

What are the three types of drugs?

A

Stimulant, depressant and hallucinogenic

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9
Q

What does RICER stand for?

A

R - Rest. Do not use the injured part of the body, allow it to rest and recover.
I - Ice. Put ice on the injury, do not put ice directly on the skin, this will result in a burn.
C - Compress. Bandage the area firmly around, above and below. Overlap each layer by half the width of the bandage. Don’t wrap too tight, if feeling is lost or begins to tingle loosen bandage.
E - Elevate. Lift and leave the injury up to decrease bloodflow.
R - Referral. Get a referral to a doctor or physio.

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10
Q

What is RICER used for?

A

Sprains and Strains

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11
Q

What does a hallucinogenic do?

A

Hallucinogenics produce an altered state of conciousness often characterized by alterations in thought, mood, and perception. It can often cause auditory or visual hallucinations.

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12
Q

What are some examples of a depressant?

A

Alcohol, cannabis, opiods, heroin, kava, xanax.

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13
Q

What acronym should you use to determine what not to do with a sprain or strain?

A

HARM

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14
Q

What are examples of danger you should look for?

A

Broken glass, water, electricity, fire, heights, dangerous people or animals, unstable structures, moving vehicles.

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15
Q

How should you check for a response?

A

Gently tap their shoulder. Ask questions such as, “are you okay?” or “can you hear me?” If they do not respond ask if they can squeeze your hand or blink their eyes.

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16
Q

What does HARM stand for?

A

H - Heat. Do not place heat on the injury. This includes warm or hot water, heat packs or hot water bottles.
A - Alcohol. Do not allow the injured person to consume alcohol.
R - Running. Avoid exercising the injury.
M - Massage. Do not massage the injury.

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17
Q

What does a depressant do?

A

Depressants slow down brain activity and the central nervous system. Depressants can cause poor concentration, confusion, lowered blood pressure, and slowed breathing.

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18
Q

What are some examples of a stimulant?

A

Caffeine, cocaine, methamphetamines, MDMA, nicotine, khat

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19
Q

What are some examples of a hallucinogenic?

A

LSD, ketamine, magic mushrooms (psilocybin), peyote cactus, ecstacy, PCP

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20
Q

What are the symptoms of a heart attack?

A

+ Pain in the chest may be:
* Tight, gripping or
squeezing.
* Mild to severe.
* Felt in the centre of
the chest, shoulders,
back, neck or jaw.
+ Breathlessness.
+ Dizzy, lightheaded.
+ Feel sick or may vomit.
+ Pale, cold, clammy skin.
+ May collapse and suffer a
cardiac arrest.

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21
Q

What are the symptoms of an asthma attack?

A

+ Increasing wheeze.
+ Persistent cough.
+ Difficulty breathing, shortness of breath.
+ Only able to speak
in short sentences.
+ Chest tightness
+ Dizzy, faint or lightheadedness

22
Q

What are the coming down symptoms of drugs?

A

+ muscle twitching
+ shaking
+ restless legs
+ nausea
+ headaches
+ mouth ulcers
+ feeling anxious, agitated, depressed or irritable
+ feeling tired/exhausted
+ difficulty concentrating
+ difficulty sleeping
+ no appetite

23
Q

A person has symptoms of chest tightness, shortness of breath, lightheadedness and wheezing. What are they suffering from?

A

This person is displaying symptoms of an asthma attack.

24
Q

What is a heart attack caused by?

A

+ Narrowing of the arteries.
+ A diet high in saturated fats.
+ Smoking.
+ High blood pressure.

25
Q

What symptoms does a depressant withdrawal show?

A

+ Seizures
+ Shakiness
+ Anxiety
+ Agitation
+ Insomnia
+ Overactive reflexes
+ Increased heart rate, blood pressure, and temperature with sweating
+ Hallucinations
+ Severe drug cravings

26
Q

Why do people take depressants?

A

Depressants slow down brain activity and cause relaxation and decrease in anxiety.

27
Q

A person has symptoms of dizziness, gripping pain in shoulders and back, needing to vomit and pale, clammy skin. What are they suffering from?

A

This person displays symptoms of a heart attack.

28
Q

What causes an asthma attack?

A

+ Exercise/activity.
+ Respiratory infections.
+ Inhaled allergens, such as pollen.
+ Changes in temperature and weather, especially cold air.
+ Environmental factors.
+ Emotional factors, such as anxiety, stress or laughter.
+ Certain medications e.g. aspirin.
+ Chemicals and strong smells.
+ Some foods and food
preservatives.

29
Q

What are the symptoms of a stimulant withdrawal?

A

+ Jittery reactions
+ Anxiety
+ Chills
+ Dehydration
+ Dulled senses
+ Slowed speech
+ Loss of interest
+ Slowed movements
+ Slow heart rate
+ Irritability
+ Hallucinations
+ Paranoia
+ Fatigue
+ Depression
+ Increased appetite
+ Impaired memory
+ Weight loss or gaunt appearance
+ Insomnia or hypersomnia
+ Body aches
+ Drug cravings

30
Q

Why do people take stimulants?

A

Stimulants increase all body senses and release dopamine in the brain resulting in feelings of pleasure.

31
Q

How do you treat a heart attack?

A

Unconscious casualty
1. Follow DRSABCD St John Action Plan.
2. Place casualty in recovery position.
3. Urgent medical aid. Call Triple Zero (000)
for an ambulance.
4. Stay with the casualty and monitor breathing.
Be prepared to give CPR if symptoms worsen.

Conscious casualty
1. Follow DRSABCD St John Action Plan.
2. Advise the casualty to immediately sit
down to rest and reassure them.
3. If the casualty has been prescribed medication
such as a tablet or oral spray for angina, assist
them to take it as they have been directed.
4. If symptoms last for 10 minutes or become
worse quickly or are severe, call Triple Zero
(000) for an ambulance immediately.
5. Give 300g (one tablet) of aspirin with water. DO
NOT give aspirin to those allergic to it or if their
doctor has advised them against taking aspirin.
6. Stay with the casualty and monitor
consciousness and vital signs. Be prepared
to give CPR if symptoms worsen.

32
Q

What is the definition of a stroke?

A

A stroke is a condition that occurs when an artery taking blood to the brain becomes blocked or bursts. As a result of a stroke, brain cells are damaged and functions controlled by that part of the brain are paralysed. Partial paralysis of the body and/or speech problems is common.

33
Q

How do you administer a puffer?

A

With a spacer
+ Assemble spacer.
+ Remove puffer cap and shake well.
+ Insert puffer upright into spacer.
+ Place mouthpiece between teeth and seal lips around it.
+ Press once firmly on puffer to fire 1 puff into spacer.
+ Take four 4 breaths in and out of spacer.
+ Repeat one 1 puff at a time until 4 puffs taken.
Remember to shake the puffer before each puff.

Without a spacer
+ Remove puffer cap and shake well.
+ Breathe out away from puffer.
+ Place mouthpiece between teeth and seal lips around it.
+ Press once firmly on puffer while breathing in slowly & deeply.
+ Slip puffer out of mouth.
+ Hold breath for 4 seconds or as long as comfortable.
+ Breathe out slowly away from puffer.
+ Repeat 1 puff at a time until 4 puffs taken.
Remember to shake the puffer before each puff

34
Q

How do you treat an asthma attack?

A

Unconscious casualty
1. Follow DRSABCD St John Action Plan.
2. If CPR is required it may be more difficult to
get a breath into the casualty’s lungs.

Conscious casualty
1. Follow DRSABCD St John Action Plan.
2. Sit the casualty comfortably upright. Be calm and
reassuring and don’t leave the casualty alone.
3. Help the casualty to take 4 puffs from their inhaler
following their Asthma Action Plan (if they have one).
4. Wait 4 minutes – if the casualty still cannot
breathe normally, give 4 more puffs in
the same way.
5. If the casualty gets little or no relief from the inhaler,
call Triple Zero (000) for an ambulance.
6. Keep giving 4 puffs every 4 minutes until medical aid arrives.

35
Q

What are the symptoms of withdrawal from a hallucinogenic?

A

+ Stiff muscles
+ Depressed breathing
+ Convulsions
+ Rapid heart rate
+ Extreme changes in body temperature
+ Drug cravings
+ Headaches
+ Sweating
+ Seizures
+ ‘Trip’ flashbacks

36
Q

Why do people take hallucinogenics?

A

Hallucinogenics change the way people perceive this and can cause hallucinations and other experiences.

37
Q

What does FAST stand for? What is it used for?

A

F - Facial weakness
A - Arm weakness
S - Speech difficulty
T - Time to act fast

This acronym is used to identify a stroke.

38
Q

How do you treat a stroke?

A

Unconscious casualty
1. Follow DRSABCD St John Action Plan.
2. Place into Recovery Position.
3. Urgent medical aid. Call Triple Zero (000)
for an ambulance.

Conscious casualty
1. Follow DRSABCD St John Action Plan.
2. Urgent medical aid. Call Triple Zero (000)
for an ambulance.
3. Rest and reassure the casualty.
4. Place in a position of comfort and support
the head and shoulders with pillows.
5. Loosen tight clothing.
6. Ensure airway is clear and open and wipe
any secretions away from the mouth.
7. Give nothing by mouth.
8. Monitor casualty until medical aid arrives

39
Q

A person has symptoms of cramping in abdomen and legs, weakness, clammy and pale skin. What are they suffering from?

A

This person has symptoms of a heat induced condition. Specifically heat exhaustion.

40
Q

What is the definition of a heat induced condition?

A

Heat induced conditions occur when the body’s core temperature is elevated. This is known as Hyperthermia and it consist of two stages; heat exhaustion and heat stroke.

41
Q

What causes a stroke?

A

+ Blocked arteries.
+ Blood clots.
+ Haemorrhaging.

42
Q

What are the signs and symptoms of a stroke?

A

+ Sudden decrease in level of consciousness.
+ Weakness or paralysis on either one or both sides of the body.
+ Feeling of numbness in face, arm or leg.
+ Difficulty speaking or
understanding.
+ Dizziness, loss of balance, unexplained fall.
+ Disturbed vision.
+ Confusion.

43
Q

What are the symptoms of a heat stroke?

A

+ High body temperature <40°C.
+ Flushed hot, dry skin.
+ Pounding, rapid pulse which gradually weakens.
+ Thirst, headache, nausea,
vomiting, dizziness, faintness.
+ Altered mental state which may progress to seizures
unconsciousness/death.

44
Q

How do you treat heat stroke?

A
  1. Follow DRSABCD St John Action Plan.
  2. Stop any activity and rest and reassure the
    casualty in a cool place with circulating air.
  3. Loosen tight clothing and remove
    unnecessary garments.
  4. Give cool fluids to drink - frequent sips.
  5. Apply cool packs or ice to areas of large blood vessels
    (neck, groin and armpits) to speed up cooling.
  6. If possible cover with a wet sheet/towel,
    fan to increase air circulation (stop cooling
    when body is cold to touch). Ensure that
    the casualty does not get too cold.
  7. Give sips of cool fluids if fully conscious
    and able to swallow.
  8. Urgent medical aid. Call Triple Zero (000)
    for an ambulance
45
Q

How do you treat heat exhaustion?

A
  1. Follow DRSABCD St John Action Plan.
  2. Stop any activity and rest and reassure the
    casualty in a cool place with circulating air.
  3. Loosen tight clothing and remove
    unnecessary garments.
  4. Give cool fluids to drink - frequent sips.
  5. Sponge with cool water, stop when they
    feel cool to the touch. Ensure that the
    casualty does not get too cold.
  6. Seek medical aid if casualty vomits
    or does not recover promptly
46
Q

A person suddenly falls and is displaying symptoms of paralysis on the right side of body, weakness, numbness in face and disturbed vision. What are they suffering from?

A

This person is displaying symptoms of a stroke.

47
Q

What is the definition of a heart attack?

A

A heart attack is pain caused by a blockage of an artery that supplies blood to the heart and causes damage or death of the heart muscle.

48
Q

A person has symptoms of temperature over 40, dry skin, thirst, nausea and a headache. They begin to seize. What are they suffering from?

A

This person displays symptoms of a heat stroke.

49
Q

What causes heat induced conditions?

A

+ Hot weather, excessive exercise
or exertion.
+ Elderly or children unable to cope
with temperature changes.

50
Q

What is the definition of an asthma attack?

A

An asthma attack is a sudden worsening of asthma symptoms triggered by the tightening of muscles around the airways.

Test Revision (2 decks)

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