Healing & Repair

Question 1

_______indicates replacement of dead (damaged) tissue by healthy tissue derived from parenchymal or connective tissue element

Answer 1

Healing (repair)

Question 2

Healing comprises:

Answer 2

Regeneration
Connective tissue response

Question 3

replacement by surviving specialized parenchymal cells.

Answer 3

Regeneration

Question 4

replacement of damaged tissue by granulation tissue & its subsequent maturation into fibrous tissue (scar formation)

Answer 4

Connective tissue response

Question 5

replacement of damaged tissue by granulation tissue & its subsequent maturation into fibrous tissue

Answer 5

scar formation)

Question 6

Relative contribution of regeneration and connective tissue response vary according to:

Answer 6

1.Type of tissue involved by damage
2.Nature
3. severity
4. duration

Question 7

The cell cycle consists of:

Answer 7

1. Presynthetic growth phase (G1) 2. DNA-synthetic phase (S)
2. Premitoticgrowth phase 2 (G2)
3. Mitotic phase (M)
   *Quiescent cells are in a physiologic state(G0).

Question 8

Presynthetic growth phase

Answer 8

G1

Question 9

Premitotic growth phase 2

Answer 9

G2

Question 10

the phase in G1 at which the cell gets committed to the cell cycle without further need of the growth factor that initiated cell division.

Answer 10

Restriction point

Question 11

prevent DNA replication or mitosis of damage cells and either transiently stop the cell cycle to allow for DNA repair or eliminate irreversibly damage cells by apoptosis

Answer 11

Checkpoint controls

Question 12

Entry & progression through cell cycle controlled by changes in levels/activities of _________

Answer 12

Cyclins

Question 13

Levels of various cyclins

Answer 13

• increase at specific stages of cell cycle followed by
• rapid degradation as cell moves through the cycle.

Question 14

Cyclins accomplish regulatory functions by_______

Answer 14

complexing with then activating CDKs ( cyclin dependent kinases ).

Question 15

Cyclins/CDKs complexes exert effects by ______

Answer 15

phosphorylating selected group of protein substrates

Question 16

where in the cell cycle are: labile cells

Answer 16

continually cycling

Question 17

where in the cell cycle are: stable cells

Answer 17

G0 (until they need to proliferate /injury/)

Question 18

where in the cell cycle are: permanent cells

Answer 18

do not enter cell cycle

Question 19

Cells of body divided into three groups depending on relationship to cell cycle.

Answer 19

1. Labile cells
2. Stable cells
3. Permanent cells

Question 20

Ability of proliferation inversely correlated with

Answer 20

degree of differentiation

Question 21

Under normal conditions are continuously dividing & dying cells

Answer 21

Labile cells

Question 22

Labile cells examples

Answer 22

Haemopoietic cells
Surface epithelial cells

Question 23

Component of ECM

Answer 23

1. fibrous structure proteins include collagens & elastin’s.
2. water –hydrated gels ( proteoglycans and hyaluronan. permit lubrication
   3.Adhesive glycoproteins connect the matrix elements.