Healing of the knee joint Flashcards
What kind of joint is the knee?
synovial hinge joint
How many articulations does the knee joint have?
What are they?
3
2 femorotibial
1 femoropatella
What kind of cartilage forms the medial and lateral menisci?
fibrocartilage
What are the two functions of the menisci?
to act as shock absorbers
deepen the articular surface of the tibia
What type of cartilage is articular cartilage?
hyaline
What is the cell type of cartilage?
chondrocytes - secrete cartilage matrix
Why do the menisci have limited repair capabilities?
avascular tissue
What are the two intracapsular ligaments of the knee?
ACL and PCL
What are the three main cell types of bone?
osteoblasts - make bone
osteoclasts - dissolve bone
osteocytes - maintain bone
What is synovitis and how can it occur?
inflammation of the synovium
can occur on its own or as a result of rheumatoid arthritis or gout
What is damaged hyaline cartilage replaced with?
fibrocartilage
What is the main cell type of ligaments?
fibroblasts
What type of cartilage is this?
hyaline
Where does the patellar tendon attach?
a continuation of the quadriceps femoris tendon that attaches to the tibial tuberosity
What are the two collateral ligaments?
tibial (medial)
fibular (lateral)
What does the joint capsule consist of?
external fibrous layer and an internal synovial membrane that lines all internal surfaces of the articular cavity not covered with articular cartilage
Where is the suprapatellar bursa located?
between quadriceps femoris and the femur
What is the first stage on bone healing?
blood cells next to the injury site clot, forming a haematoma
all the cells within the blot clot degenerate and die
cells outside the blot clot degenerate and die
fibroblasts survive and replicate forming granulation tissue
What is the synovial membrane?
soft tissue lining the joint cavity
cells are fibroblasts and macrophages
