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Tissue Repair and Angiogenesis > Healing, angiogenesis, tissue repair > Flashcards

Healing, angiogenesis, tissue repair Flashcards

1
Q

Concerning the vascular endothelial growth factor peptide family, which ligand-receptor pair in lymphatic vessel endothelial cells promotes lymphangiogenesis?

a. VEGF-C; VEGFR-1
b. VEGF-C; VEGFR-3
c. VEGF-A; VEGFR-2
d. VEGF-B; VEGFR-1
e. VEGF-A; VEGFR-3

A

b, Robbins and Cotran. 8 ed. p 88

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2
Q

The function of notch signaling in angiogenesis is:

a. to dampen the responsiveness to VEGF
b. recruitment of endothelial precursor cells from the bone marrow
c. induces capillary sprouting
d. proliferation of endothelial precursor cells at the sprouting vessel tip
e. stimulates enzymatic cleavage of extracellular matrix components

A

a, Thomas et al. Interactions between VEGFR and Notch signaling pathways in endothelial and neural cells. Cell Mol Life Sci. 2013 May;70(10):1779-92.

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3
Q

What is the difference between totipotent and pluripotent stem cells?
A. Totipotent stem cells can transform into a blastocyst and pluripotent stem cells cannot
B. Pluripotent stem cells can transform into a blastocyst and pluripotent stem cells cannot
C. Pluripotent can transform in any differentiated cell types and totipotent cannot
D. Totipotent can transform in any differentiated cell types and pluripotent cannot
E. There are no differences

A

a, Robbins, p 82

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4
Q

What is the most important receptor for initiating angiogenesis?

a. VEGFR1
b. VEGFR2
c. VEGFR3
d. NOTCH
e. TIE2

A

b, R-C Table 3-3

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5
Q

Which of the following ligand-receptor interactions establish vascular stabilization through recruitment of pericytes and smooth muscle?

a. VEGF A VEGFR2
b. Fibrin Fibronectin
c. EphB4 Ephrin B2
d. DII4 Notch
e. Angiopoietin 1 Tie2

A

e, PBVD, pg 143

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6
Q

Which of the following statements is true regarding VEGF blockade during angiogenesis?

a. Increases sprouting
b. Increased endothelial cell proliferation
c. Increases endothelial cell survival
d. Increases vascular organization
e. Increases sprouting and endothelial cell proliferation

A

d, Robbins and Cotran, 8th Edition, pag 101

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7
Q

Keratinocyte growth factor is mainly secreted by:

a. Keratinocytes
b. Platelets
c. Fibroblasts
d. Mast cells
e. Macrophages

A

c, Robbins and Cotran, 8th Edition, pag 87

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8
Q

Myofibroblasts form in response to which of the following molecules?

a. FGF-10
b. TGF-beta
c. HIF-1alpha
d. IL-4
e. IL-13

A

b, PBVD, 5ed, 2011, p. 142

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9
Q

Which is the main VEGF receptor for lymphangiogenesis?

a. VEGFR-1
b. VEGFR-2
c. VEGFR-3
d. VEGFR-4
e. VEGFR-5

A

c, Robbins, 8ed, 2010, p. 88

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10
Q

Which of the following recruit pericytes and smooth muscle cells during angiogenesis?

a. VEGF-A
b. Delta II 4
c. Notch
d. Angiopoietin 1
e. Angiopoietin 2

A

d, PBVD, 5ed, 2011, p. 143

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11
Q

Which of the following cell types is NOT a typical source of fibroblast growth factor 1 (acidic) and 2 (basic):

a. Keratinocytes
b. Macrophages
c. Mast cells
d. T lymphocytes
e. Endothelial cells

A

a. Robbins & Cotran, Pathologic Basis of Disease, 8th ed. p 87, table 3-1. FGF is mitogenic to keratinocytes & stimulates their migration, but keratinocytes are not a source of FGF1/2.

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12
Q

Fibroblasts are induced by _____________ and other cytokines to synthesize collagen.

a. Transforming Growth Factor – beta
b. Tumor Necrosis Factor alpha
c. Cpl2
d. a and b
e. a, b, and c

A

a (PBVD 141)

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13
Q

Fibroblasts, endothelial cells, and leukocytes are stimulated by HIF-1 and ________ to synthesize and release growth factors that result in fibroblast migration and proliferation?

a. TGF-
b. FIH
c. ECM
d. EGF
e. PHD-1

A

d (PBVD 141)

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14
Q

In wound repair, fibroblasts and macrophages release growth factors to enhance the proliferation of the all the cells listed EXCEPT?

a. histiocytes
b. enothelial cells
c. myofibroblasts
d. parenchymal cells
e. fibroblasts

A

a, McGavin, M. Donald. Pathologic Basis of Veterinary Disease, 4th Edition. Mosby, 082006, pg 178.

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15
Q

Which predominent collagen/tissue pairing is INCORRECT?

a. collagen type I / bone
b. collagen type III / muscle
c. collagen type VI / skin
d. collagen type X and XI / cartilage
e. collagen type II / vitreous humor

A

c, McGavin, M. Donald. Pathologic Basis of Veterinary Disease, 4th Edition. Mosby, 082006 pg 180.

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16
Q

Which proteinase DOES NOT degrade ECM proteins?

a. Matrix metalloproteinases
b. Heparinases
c. Cathepsin G
d. Cysteine protease
e. Urokinase-PA

A

b, McGavin, M. Donald. Pathologic Basis of Veterinary Disease, 4th Edition. Mosby, 082006 pg 181

17
Q

All of the following are responsible for the degradation of ECM proteins, EXCEPT:

a. MMP
b. Cathepsin G
c. Cystein protease
d. Urokinase-PA
e. EGF

A

e, PBVD, 4th Editon, 2007, pg. 181

18
Q

Satellite cell proliferation in skeletal and cardiac muscle is stimulated by which of the following?

a. Wnt/Beta-catenin
b. Active notch
c. RB phosphorylation
d. c-FOS
e. c-MYC

A

b, Robbins and Cotran, p. 85

19
Q

Which is FALSE regarding HIF-1?

a. Regulates erythropoiesis
b. Stimulates VEGF transcription
c. Activation of NF-kappaB
d. Activation of lactate dehydrogenase A expression
e. Inhibits activation of pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 1

A

e, N Engl J Med 2011; 365:537-547

20
Q

All of the following promote keratinocyte proliferation/replication EXCEPT:

a. EGF
b. FGF-7
c. HB-EGF
d. TGF-alpha
e. TGF-beta

A

e, R&C 8th edition, Chapter 3, Table 3-1

21
Q

Production of VEGF is induced by all of the following, EXCEPT:

a. TNF
b. Hypoxia
c. TGF-beta
d. PDGF
e. TGF-alpha

A

a, R&C, pg. 100

22
Q

Dll blockade during angiogenesis results in which of the following?

a. Increased vascular organization
b. Decreased capillary sprouting
c. Decreased endothelial proliferation
d. Decreased endothelial survival
e. Decreased vessel lumen size

A

e, Robbins & Cotran 8th ed, p101

23
Q

Activation of Notch in endothelial cells inhibits tip cell behavior by upregulation of ____?

a. JAG1
b. NRP1
c. VEGFR1
d. VEGFR2
e. VEGFR3

A

c, Basic and Therapeutic Aspects of Angiogenesis, Potente et al, Cell 146 16 2011, 873-887

24
Q

All of the following are required for pericyte recruitment in angiogenesis EXCEPT ______:

a. Angiopoietin-1
b. EphrinB2
c. Notch3
d. Platelet-derived growth factor-beta
e. Sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor

A

a, Basic and Therapeutic Aspects of Angiogenesis, Potente et al, Cell 146 16 2011, 873-887

25
Q

Which of the following is found in cartilage and vitreous humor?

a. Collagen II
b. Collagen IV
c. Collagen VI
d. Collagen VIII
e. Collagen IX

A

a, PBVD, p.140

26
Q

All of the following are inhibitors of angiogenesis EXCEPT:

a. Thrombospondin
b. Angiostatin
c. Endostatin
d. MiR-92a
e. Avastin

A

d, PBVD, p.143-144

27
Q

The recruitment of E3 ligase to HIF-1alpha is a downstream effect of which of the following?

a. Binding of p300
b. Hydroxylation of HIF-1alpha
c. Dimerization with HIF-1beta
d. Hydroxylation of asparaginase residue
e. activation of factor inhibiting HIF-1 (FIH-1)

A

b, Oxygen Sensing, Homeostasis, and Disease, NEJM, 365: 6, 2011, 537-547, p. 538

28
Q

Decreased capillary sprouting and proliferation of endothelial cells is most characteristic of which of the following?

a. ADAM protease blockade
b. Dll-4 blockade
c. Notch signaling
d. VEGF blockade
e. VEGFR signaling

A

d, Robbins and Cotran, 8th Edition, 2010, p. 101

29
Q

Which integrin is crucial to the formation and maintenance of new blood vessels? (format: alpha __, beta __)

a. 4,1
b. 6,4
c. 2,1
d. 5,3
e. None of the above

A

d, Robbins and Cotran, 8th Edition, p. 101

Tissue Repair and Angiogenesis (1 decks)

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