Headmaster Voc Flashcards
To leave or desert someone. this person is deserted by someone who is supposed to give his or her care.
abandonment
a method of attempting to remove an object from the airway of someone who is choking provide during the heimlich maneuver
abdominal thrust
designed to separate the legs of a patient it is often used after hip surgery to prevent the new hip from popping out
abductor wedge
any reading outside of these ranges: Heart Rate 60-100, Blood Pressure 120/80, Temperature 98.6 degrees Fahrenheit, 37 degrees Celsius, Respiratory rate 12-20 breaths/minute, Pulse Ox >95%; You report/Communicate to charge nurse.
abnormal vital signs
activities of daily living
ADL
the act or process of accepting someone into a hospital, clinic, or other treatment facility as an inpatient.
admission
beginning process of a patient; admission of a resident into a long term care facility
admitting resident
legal documents that allow people to decide what kind of medical care they wish to have in the event they are unable to make those decisions themselves
advance directive
without fever; having a normal body temperature.
afebrile
The process by which nutrient molecules pass through the wall of the digestive system into the blood
absorption
unexpected injuries
accident
the willful infliction of injury, unreasonable confinement, intimidation, or punishment that results in physical harm, pain or mental anguish; depriving the person (or the person’s caregiver) of the goods or services needed to attain or maintain wellbeing
abuse
ability to answer for one’s own actions
accountable
The most advanced, and fatal, stage of an HIV infection. Infections, tumors, and central nervous system symptoms appear due to a weakened immune system that is unable to fight infection.
acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)
specific tasks that need to be accomplished as part of the process
activities
daily personal care tasks, such as bathing; caring for skin, nails, hair, and teeth; dressing; toileting; eating and drinking; walking; and transferring
activities of daily living
sudden onset and/or short duration
acute
special equipment that helps a person who is ill or disabled to perform ADLs; also called assistive devices.
adaptive devices
moving a body part toward the mid-line of the body
adduction
moving a body part away from the midline of the body
abduction
moving a body part away from the midline of the body
affected side
the natural occurrences in the body that produce the changes associated with growing old
aging process
the state of being excited, restless, or troubled
agitation
A progressive, incurable disease that causes tangled nerve fibers and protein deposits to form in the brain, which eventually cause dementia.
Alzheimer’s disease
the act of walking
ambulation
someone who has had a limb removed by amputation
amputee
the study of body structure
anatomy
A condition in which the blood is deficient in red blood cells, in hemoglobin, or in total volume.
anemia
chest pain from reduced blood flow to part of the heart
angina
front of the body
anterior
a drug that kills certain pathogens
antibiotics
exert pressure on veins promoting venous blood return; are used to help prevent blood clots in the legs
Anti-embolic stockings
uneasiness or fear, often about a situation or condition
anxiety
inability to speak or use words
aphasia
pertaining to the apex of the heart. A site for measuring heart rate with a stethoscope
apical
the absence of breathing
apena
carry oxygenated blood away from the heart
arteries
abnormal hardening of the walls of an artery or arteries
arteriosclerosis
joint inflammation causing stiffness, pain, and decreased mobility
arthritis
breathing fulid, food, vomit or a foreign object into the lungs
aspiration
a threat to harm a person, resulting in the person feeling fearful that he or she will be harmed
assault
Special equipment that helps a person who is ill or disabled to perform ADLS; also called adaptive devices.
assistive devices
the wasting away, decreasing in size, and weakening of muscles from lack of use
atrophy
hearing specialist
audiologist
a duty to use care toward others that would be exercised by an ordinarily reasonable and prudent person in order to protect them from unnecessary risk of harm in a typical medical malpractice lawsuit
authorized duty
Temperature taken at the armpit
normal - 96.6-98.6
axillary temp.
also called germs, are microscopic organisms not visible with the naked eye. Bacteria are single-celled, or simple, organisms.
bacteria
These are the things people cannot live without, such as food, water, clothing, and shelter.
basic needs
110-115 degrees Fahrenheit
bath water temp.
the act of washing yourself (or another person)
bathing
a metal or plastic frame suspended over the hospital bed to keep the weight of the linen off the resident’s body; the weight of top linens can cause footdrop, pressure ulcers, and pain.
bed cradle
The level of a patient’s bed; should be in the “low” position when leaving the bedside and raised to the caregiver’s waist when performing tasks (“working height”)
bed height
Rearrange a bed and its coverings to its condition before it was slept in.
bed making
the position the bed is in. also controlled by buttons on the control of the bed.
bed position
confinement to bed continuously (as in the case of some sick or injured persons)
bedrest
The way an organism reacts to changes in its internal condition or external environment.
behavior
a plan of care that is developed with the patient around care goals & needs
behavioral care plan
specific ideas that people hold to be true
beliefs
items contaminated with blood, body fluids, secretions, or excretions; need to be disposed of in a special way (ex: red bag)
biohazards waste
A written method or outline identifying a resident’s unique needs and how health workers will assist them in meeting those needs. For example, how they transfer, how they get around, what they like to do
care plan
a type of mental illness; a person will experience severe extremes in mood, energy and ability to function; there are emotional lows (depression) & emotional highs (mania)
aka: manic-depressive illness
bipolar disorder
may help with urinary incontinence; control of urination is goal; frequently take person to the bathroom at the same set times throughout the day/night
bladder training
the act, fact, or process of losing blood or having blood flow
bleeding
the absence of sight
blindness
the way the head, trunk, arms and legs are aligned with one another; posture
body alignment
messages sent through facial expressions, gestures, posture, hand and body movements, gait, eye contact, and appearance
body language
Any secretion or excretion from the human body such as vaginal, cerebrospinal, synovial, pleural, pericardial, peritoneal, amniotic, sputum, and saliva
body fluid
the way the parts of the body work together when a person moves; using good body mechanics helps prevent injuries
body mechanics
groups of organs and tissues that work together to perform important jobs for the body
body systems
measured by a clinical thermometer and represents a balance between the heat produced by the body and the heat it loses
body temp
aka Osteoporosis is a disease that causes bones to become brittle and more likely to fracture (break)
bone loss
program that manipulates factors within a person’s control (timing of defecation, exercise, diet) to produce a regular pattern of comfortable defecation without medication or enemas
bowel program
Connects the brain and spinal cord & contains the midbrain, pons and medulla
brain stem
The movement of air into and out of the lungs (used to take in oxygen and remove carbon dioxide); illness, pain, drugs/medications, exercise, and position can affect breathing
breathing
fragile bones that break easily
brittle bones
a state of physical, emotional, and mental exhaustion created by long-term involvement in an emotionally demanding situation and accompanied by lowered performance and motivation
burnout
tissue damage and cell death caused by heat, electricity, UV radiation, or chemicals
burns
allows the patient to call for help via light and/or sound; it always needs to be within reach of the resident/patient
call light
Diseases in which abnormal cells divide without control and can invade nearby tissues. Cancer cells can also spread to other parts of the body through the blood and lymph systems
cancer
the heart stops suddenly and without warning; medical emergency; get your nurse
cardiac arrest
medical procedures used when a person’s heart or lungs have stopped working; need to be certified in CPR
CPR
The transport system of the body responsible for carrying oxygen and nutrients to the body and carrying away carbon dioxide and other wastes; composed of the heart, blood vessels, and blood. Also referred to as the circulatory system.
cardiovascular system
doing most if not all of the ADLs for an impaired resident; they are not able to care for themselves
care impaaired
The process of organizing and documenting the specific goals in the treatment of an individual patient, amending the goals as the patient’s condition requires, and assessing the outcomes of care. Process of making a care plan.
care planning
a shell, frequently made from plaster or fiberglass, that encases a limb (or, in some cases, large portions of the body) to stabilize and hold anatomical structures—most often a broken bone (or bones), in place until healing is confirmed
cast
a condition in which milky or cloudy spots develop in the eye, causing vision loss
cataracts
A thin tube Inserted into the body that is used to drain or inject fluids.
catheter
thorough cleaning of the perineal area (especially around the urethra) and the catheter tubing that extends outside of the body, to prevent infection
catheter care
part of the nervous system that is composed of the brain and spinal cord
central nervous system
a condition that occurs when blood supply to a part of the brain is blocked or a blood vessel leaks or ruptures within the brain; also called a stroke.
cerebrovascular accident
the line of authority within a facility or agency; when reporting, follow the chain of command
DON
Charge nurse
RN
LPN/LVN
CNA
chain of command
a nurse responsible for a team of healthcare workers
charge nurse
A chemical that destroys, neutralizes, or inhibits the growth of disease-carrying microorganisms. It kills pathogens.
chemical disinfection
A drug given to restrain agitated patients from behavior that is harmful to themselves or others, including the medical staff attending to them. The administration of a medication is considered a chemical restraint when used to sedate an agitated patient and not for direct therapeutic reasons.
chemical restraint
A drug treatment that uses powerful chemicals to kill fast-growing cells in your body. Most often used to treat cancer, since cancer cells grow and multiply much more quickly than most cells in the body
chemotherapy
Is the mechanical obstruction of the flow of air from the environment into the lungs. A blockage of the upper airway by food or other objects, which prevents a person from breathing effectively
choking
a disease or condition that is long-term or long-lasting and requires management of symptoms.
chronic illness
chronic, incurable lung disease that causes difficulty breathing
chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)
Movement of blood through the body
circulation
AKA cardiovascular system. The system that moves blood throughout the body. The circulatory system is composed of the heart, arteries, capillaries, and veins.
circulatory system
the process of removing unwanted substances, such as dirt, infectious agents, and other impurities, from an object or environment
cleaning
Refer to the MSDS sheets or SDS sheets, clean immediately and as directed
cleaning spills
a diet that consists of foods that are liquid at room temperature and leave little residue in the intestine. Ex: Water, Sprite, Ginger Ale, all beverages without any residue, broth, Jello, popsicles
clear liquid diet
A body of officials who perform religious services, such as priests, ministers or rabbis.
clergy
loss of ability to think logically; concentration, reasoning, ability to understand, judgement, behavior and memory are affected
cognitively impaired
a surgically created opening between the colon and abdominal wall
colostomy
a cold folded and moistened cloth or towel that is placed over a small area of the body for moist cold therapy
cold compress
the skin is washed and dried then a skin barrier is applied around the stoma. the skin barrier is part of the pouch or a seperate device
colostomy care
a state of being unaware of one’s setting and being unable to react or respond to people, places or things
coma
Resident is sometimes uncooperative and may refuse care and/or strike out at staff
combative resident
a disease caused by pathogens that spread easily; a contagious disease
communicable disease
an exam consisting of a written portion and a skills portion that must be passed at the end of the nursing assistant training course to obtain certification
OBRA allows three attempts to successfully complete the evaluation
must retake if you have not worked for 2 years
competency evaluation
The exchange of information- a message sent is received and correctly interpreted by the intended person
communication
trusting others with personal and private information
confidentiality
a clash between opposing interests or ideas
conflict
step one- define the problem
step two- collect information about the problem
step three- identify possible solutions
step four- select the best solution
step five- carry out the solution
step six- evaluate the results
conflict resolution
someone in a mental state of being disoriented to person, time, place, situation or identity
confused resident
A condition resulting from the heart’s inability to pump out all the blood that returns to it; (right side) blood backs up in the veins leading to the heart, causing an accumulation of fluid in various parts of the body, less blood pumped to lungs, less side of heart recieves less blood to pump to organs
left side
-lungs- dyspnea
-brain-confusion, dizziness and fainting
-kidneys- process less urine
-skin is pale
-BP drops
congestive heart failure
the passage of a hard, dry stool
constipation
to narrow
constrict
the process of becoming unclean
contamination
The lack of joint mobility caused by abnormal shortening of a muscle
contracture
chronic bronchitis(inflammation of the bronchi)
-person coughs up mucus and has difficulty breathing
and emphysema (alveoli enlarge)
-O2 and CO2 exchange cannot occur
obstruct air flow causing lung function to eventually be lost
COPD
the coronary arteries become hardened and narrowed causing the heart muscle to get less blood and less oxygen
most common cause is atherosclerosis (plaque build up)
coronary artery disease
removes mucus to promote oxygenation
coughing
the characteristics of a group of people-language, values, beliefs, habits, likes, dislikes, customs-passed form one generation to the next
culture
cerebrovascular accident
CVA
bluish color to the skin, lips, mucous membranes and nail beds
cyanotic
- Denial
- Anger
- Bargaining
- Depression
- Acceptance
stages of dying
a localized injury to the skin and/or underlying tissue, usally over a bony promience, resulting from pressure or pressure in comvinationw ith shear; any lesion caused by unrelieved presssure that results in damage to underlying tissues
pressure ulcer
often used to treat sprains and fractures
reduce pain, prevent swelling and decrease circulation and bleed (blood vessels constrict)
cold application
an unconscious reaction that blocks unpleasant or threatening feelings
defense mechanism
a decrease in the amount of water in body tissues
dehydration
to authorize another person to perform a nursing task in a certain situation
delegation
false beliefs
delusions
an exaggerated belief about one’s importance, wealth, power or talents
delusion of grandeur
a false belief that one is being mistreated, abused or harassed
delusion of persecution
nothing seems to please the person; the person is critical of others; he or she wants care given at a certain time and in a certain way; loss of indepence, loss of health and loss of control of life are cause. so needs are unmet
demanding resident
The loss of cognitive and social function caused by changes in the brain; the loss of cognitive function that interferes with routine personal, soical and occupational activities
dementia
an artificial tooth or a set of artificial teet
denture
independent
supervision
limited assistance
extensive assistance
total dependence
dependablitiy
A prolonged feeling of helplessness, hopelessness, and sadness involving the body, mood and thoughts
depression
changes in mental, emotional and social function
development
a disability occurring before 22 years of age-may be a physical impairment, intellectual impairment or both. the person has limited function in at least three of htese areas: self-care, understanding or expressing language, learning, mobility, or self direction. the person needs life-long assistance, support and special devices
developmental disabilty
a disorder where the body cannot produce or use insulin
type 1-occurs in children,pancreas produces little or no insulin
type 2-older people (being linked to unhealthy lifestyles), body cannot use insulin
gestastional-develops during pregnancy
diabetes
a procedure to remove waste products from the blood of patients whose kidneys no longer function
dialysis
Large, flat muscle at the bottom of the chest cavity that helps with breathing
diaphragm
Assesses and plans for nutritional needs; teaches good nutrition, food selection and preperation
dietician
the process that breaks down food physically and chemically so it can be absorbed for use by the cells
digestion
to expand or open wider
dilate
the official release of a resident from a health care facility to their home; the team helps prepare the resident to leave
discharging resident
a disorder of structure or function in a human, animal, or plant, especially one that produces specific signs or symptoms or that affects a specific location and is not simply a direct result of physical injury.
disease
definite sequence of events following contamination and infection
disease process
The process of destroying pathogens
disinfection
middle to severely confused/disoriented. some can;’t remember dates or names. others don’t know who or where they are. they cannot dress or feed themsevles. can be short or long term
disoriented
do not resuscitate
DNR
24 hour clock used
report…
-whenver there is a change from normal or a change in the person’s condition
-when the nurse asks you to do so
-when you leave the unit for meals, breaks or other reasons
-before the end of shift report
record…
-what you observed
-what you did
-the person’s response
documentation
one partner has power and control over the other through abuse-physical, sexual, verbal, economic or social abuse. the health team has an ethical duty to give information about safety and community resources
domestic abuse
bending the toes and foot up at the ankle
dorsiflexion
weak side is dressed first and undressed last
dressing
functions:
-protect wounds from injury and microbes
-absorb drainage
-remove dead tissue
-promote comfort
-cover unsightly wounds
-provide a moist environment for wound healing
-apply pressure to control bleeding
dressings
don a mask
used for persons known or suspected to be infected with pathogens transmitted by respiratory droplets such as those from couching, sneezing or talking
droplet precautions
difficulty swallowing
dysphagia
difficult, labored or painful breathing
dyspnea
painful/difficult urination
dysuria
the swelling of body tissues with water
edema
lacking teeth
edentulous
exert pressure on veins to promote blood flow, helping to prevent blood clots(thrombus)
elastic stockings
expelling waste from the body
elimination
vomiting
emesis
Kidney shaped receptacle for fluids typically vomit
emesis basin
inflicting mental pain, anguish, or distress on an elder person through verbal or nonverbal acts
emotional abuse
laughing or crying without any reason or when it is inappropriate
emotional lability
the ability to understand and share the feelings of another
empathy
a respiratory disorder where the alveoli enlarge causing oxygen and carbon dioxide not to be exchanged in the lungs. person may develop barrel chest from the trapped air
emphysema
the introduction of fluid into the rectum and lower colon
enema
