Headaches Flashcards
1
Q
Secondary HA characteristics
A
Intracranial, deep, aching, dull
2
Q
Sinus HA pain
A
behinad browbone or cheek bones
3
Q
Cluster HA pain
A
in and around one eye
4
Q
Tension HA pain
A
band squeezing the head
5
Q
Migraine HA pain
A
pain, nausea and visual changes, generally on one side
6
Q
How to treat Primary HA:
1. Tension
A
- Underlying Cause
- Heat/massage of neck muscles
- Minor analgesics; combo products
7
Q
Migraine
A
Recurrent, paroxysmal attacks of throbbing, pulsating pain, usually unilateral, bombined with autonomic disturbance
8
Q
Episodic migraines
Time definition
A
0-14/month
9
Q
Episodic migraine contributing factors to conversion
A
Obesity msiking High Caffeine Sleep disorder Opioid use
10
Q
Migraine without Aura
Dx
A
- Recurrent headaches Cat least 5 in lifetime)
- Untreated of unsuccessful treatment duration of 4-72 hours
- And two of the following
- Unilateral
- pulsating
- moderate to severe
- aggravation by routine physical activity - associated with one of the following
- N/v
- Photophobia or phonophobia
11
Q
Migraine w/ Aura
A
Aura
12
Q
Chronic Migraine
A
Tension-like or migraine-like HA >15 days/month for >3 months with migraine features > 15d/mo
13
Q
Consecutive stages in migraine
A
- Cortical spreading depression
- Extracrania & intracranial arterial constriction (during aura)
- Extracranial & intracranial arterial dilation & decreased electrical activity (During attack)
14
Q
Vascular theory of migrain
A
1. 5HT release preceding pain phase 5HT2 receptors cause vasoconstriction Extracranial arterial constriction, regional decrease in flow, may increase prostaglandin production 2. 5HT deficiency during pain phase Extracranial areterial dilation
15
Q
Neurogenic theory of migraines
A
- Changes in activity of locus coeruleus leading to
- Excitation of efferent neurons at trigeminal nuclei
- Release of vasoactive substances from trigeminal nerve, activating prostaglandins and degranuation of mast cells
- Vasodilation of arteries of dura mater -> plasma protein extravasation
- pain and inflammation
- sometimes excessive contraction of posterior neck muscles -> contraction HA as well
