Headaches Flashcards
What does SNOOP stand for in headache assessment?
S - systemic symptoms or illness
N - neurologic symptoms or signs
O - onset recently or sudden
O - onset after age 40 years
P - prior headache history that is different or progressive
What are systemic symptoms or illnesses in headache assessment?
Fever, altered level of consciousness, anticoagulation, pregnancy, cancer, HIV infection
What are neurologic symptoms or signs in headache assessment?
Papilledema, asymmetric cranial nerve function, asymmetric motor function, abnormal cerebellar function
What defines primary headaches?
The headache itself is the main medical problem and can be exacerbated by factors like muscle tension, hormones, or certain foods.
What are the types of primary headaches?
Migraine with aura, migraine without aura, tension type, cluster
What defines secondary headaches?
Directly related to an underlying medical condition, e.g., neck dysfunction, eye problems, TMJ, teeth or sinus infection.
What characterizes migraines?
Unilateral and pulsating severe headache, often beginning in childhood, adolescence, or early adulthood.
What are the aetiologies of migraines?
Genetic predisposition, drop in serotonin levels during attack, central sensitization.
What factors may trigger migraines?
Foods (cheese, salt, processed foods), drinks (wine, caffeinated drinks), stress, bright lights, hormonal changes in women.
What are the four stages of a migraine?
- Prodrome: subtle changes days before migraine
- Aura: nervous system symptoms with visual disturbance
- Headache: lasts 4-72 hours
- Post-drome: feeling drained, tired, and moody for 24 hours
What are key features of migraines?
Recurrent headaches, nausea, photophobia, phonophobia, aura features, headache features.
What are the clinical features of migraine without aura?
4-72 hour episode, throbbing, unilateral, moderate to severe pain, worse with physical activity, nausea or vomiting, photophobia and phonophobia.
What characterizes tension type headaches?
Bilateral pain, pressing or tightening quality, mild to moderate intensity, lasts minutes to days, not worsened by routine physical activity.
What is a cluster headache?
Severe unilateral pain in the orbital, supraorbital, or temporal region, lasting up to 180 minutes.
What are the clinical features of cluster headaches?
M>F age of onset 20-40, severe unilateral pain, lacrimation or rhinorrhea, eyelid edema, forehead or facial swelling, miosis or ptosis, restlessness or agitation.
What are the key features of trigeminal autonomic cephalalgias (TACs)?
Cyclical patterns, attacks lasting 15-180 minutes, severe unilateral pain, common in men ages 20-50.
What are the cardinal features of TMJ dysfunction?
Orofacial pain, restricted jaw motion, joint noise.
What is a cervicogenic headache?
Headache associated with neck pain, unilateral without side shift, triggered by neck movement or awkward posture.
What are the symptoms of cervical artery dysfunction (CAD)?
Dizziness, dysphagia, drop attacks, diplopia, dysarthria, ataxia, nausea, numbness, and nystagmus.
