Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

common conditions > headaches > Flashcards

headaches Flashcards

1
Q

what are the red flags for headaches (17)

A

change in behaviour
fever
hx of cancer
stiff neck with photophobia
phonophobia
lightheaded/ dizzy
nausea / vomiting
visual disturbances
sudden or abrupt onset
new HA at 50+
parasthesia inface
neurological deficit
motor changes
sleep disturbances
progressive headache
change is usual headache pattern

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what are the serious cardiovascular disorders not to be missed when dealing with headaches

A

CAD
haemorrhage
myocardial ischaemia
hypertensive crisis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what are the serious neoplastic and infectious disorders not to be missed when dealing with headaches

A

tumours

meningitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what are some often missed causes of headaches

A

TMJ Dysfunction
eye disorders
dentl disorders
trigeminal neuralgia
exertional
depression
anaemia
metabolic (thyroid, diabetes)
drugs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what are the drugs that can cause headaches

A

alcohol, caffine, nicotine
aspirin, codine, paracetamol
antibiotics
combined OPC
vasodialators

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what are the three types of primary headaches

A

tension type headaches
migraine
cluster

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what are the 5 types of secondary headaches

A

cervicogenic headache
URTI/ Sinusitis
TMJ HA
meningitis
CAD

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is the dx criteria for a tension HA

A

dx after 10 episodes that last from 30min - 7 days

with 2 of:
bilateral
tightening quality
mild to moderate pain
no agg with physical activity

and no:
nausea/ vomiting
no more than 1 of photophobia or phonophobia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

with tension headaches tenderness is common in

A

headband distribution

frontalis, temporalis, masseter, pteragoids, SCM, Splenius capitus, traps

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what is the dx criteria for a migraine without aura

A

dx after 5 attacks with

lasting 4-72 hrs

with at least 2:
unilateral
pulsing
moderate to severe
agg by physical routine

and at least one of
nausea/ vomiting
photophobia and phonophobia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what is the dx criteria for cluster HA

A

can be dx after 5 attacks if it fulfils:

very severe unilateral pain in the orbital, supraorbital or temporal region

lasting 15-180 mins

occuring 8 times a day - every other day

with wither both or one if the following:
at least one of ipsilateral lacrimation or rhinorrhea, eyelid, forhead or facial swelling
miosis or ptosis

restlessness or agitation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what is the average age of onset for cluster HA

A

20-40

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

are cluster headaches strictly bilateral or unilateral

A

unilateral

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

cluster HA can be provoked by which substances

A

alcohol, histamine, nitroglycerine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what is the dx criteria for cervicogenic HA

A

presence of clinical or imagine evidence of a disorder of lesion within the cervical spine or soft tissues of the neck

with at least two of
temporal relationship between onset and development
HA improves in parallel with resolution of cervical disorder
reduced cervical ROM and HA is worsened with provocative manoeuvres
HA is abolished following diagnostic blockage of cervical structure or its nerve supply

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

cervicogenic HA - unilateral or bilateral

A

typically unilateral

17
Q

what is the region of pain for a cervicogenic HA

A

occipital region, +/- radiation to parietal region, vertex, retroorbital

18
Q

what is the dx criteria for a sinus HA

A

clinical or imagine evidence of acute rhinosinusitis

with at least two of
HA developing in temporal relationship to the onset of rhinosinusitis
HA has either worsened or improved in parallel to the sinusitis
HA is exacerbated by pressure applied over the paranasal sinuses

19
Q

what are the most common causes of sinusitis/ sinus headaches

A

infection (viral more common than bacterial)
allergy
predisposing factors for chronicity - nasal trauma or polyps

20
Q

what is the diagnostic criteria for headaches attributed to infection

A

presence of an infection

with at least two of:
HA has developed in temporal relationship to the onset of the infection
HA has worsened or improves in parallel to infection
HA has characteristics typical for the infection

21
Q

what is the diagnostic criteria for TMJ HA

A

clinical evidence of a painful pathological process affecting the tmj, mastication mm, or assoc. structures

with at least two of:
headache developing in relation to the onset of the tmj disorder
ha is aggravated by jaw motion, function, or parafunction
ha is provoked on physical examination by temporalis mm palpation or passive movement of the jaw

22
Q

pain generators for TMJ headaches include

A

articular disc and joint capsule
articular surfaces (OA)
myofascial structures

23
Q

what is the diagnostic criteria for meningitis

A

a meningitis or encephalitis diagnosis

with at least two of:
ha developing in relation to inset of meningitis or encephalitis
ha is worsened or improved in parallel to the meningitis or encephalitis
ha is eiteher, or both of:
halocranial
located in teh nucal area and assoc with neck stiffness

24
Q

meningitis should be suspected whenever

A

ha is present with fever, stiff neck, light sensitivity, nausea/vomiting

25
Q

Aside from a fever, stiff neck, light sensitivity and nausea/vomiting, what are the furtehr red flags for meningitis

A

altered mental state, focal neuro deficit, seizure

26
Q

is bacterial or viral meningitis more life threatening

A

bacterial

27
Q

when should you always consider CAD

A

in a pt presenting with acute onset headache or cervical pain

28
Q

what is the definition of a CAD

A

a tear in the ICA or vertebral artery

where the nociceptive cause on the tunica adventitia

29
Q

what are the risk factors for a CAD

A

hx of cx spine trauma (immediate or 5 days post)
HTN or CVD
past or family hx of migraine

30
Q

a cad with present with at least two of

A

sudden onset UNILATERAL thunderclap headache (affecting frontal, temporal, occipital or supraorbital regions.

unilateral neck or face pain

constant and severe pain (unlike what they have experienced before)

31
Q

what are the associated symptoms of CAD

A

Horners syndrome (difference in pupils)
ul/ll neuro sx - weakness, ataxia
pulsating tinnitus

32
Q

what clinical testing should be done if a cad is suspected

A

coordination testing
cranial nerve exam
blood pressure

33
Q

DDDDDH for cad

A

dizzy
dysphagia
diplopia
dysarthria
drop attacks
horners syndrome

common conditions (3 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions