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Neuro Exam 2 > Headache > Flashcards

Headache Flashcards

1
Q

Primary type headache?

A

Migraine, Tension and Cluster

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2
Q

Secondary type headache?

A

following:
-head trauma (traumatic brain injury)(TBI)
-infections/tumor/vascular
-metabolic disorders
-medication overuse headache

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3
Q

What are the 3 major categories of headaches?

A

1.primary headaches
2.secondary headaches
3.cranial neuralgia

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4
Q

How do we diagnose a headache?

A

by their distintive symptoms

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5
Q

Headaches that alter typical daily activity?

A

Migraines and cluster headaches

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6
Q

What is the normal,typical headache?

A

Tension type headache

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7
Q

Medication Overuse Headache?

A

occurs when pain meds are used frequently basis to treat acute headaches

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8
Q

Traumatic Brain Injury(TBI)?

A

usually acute(suddenly)(ex. car crash ) but can become chronic and lead to significant disability

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9
Q

What are the typical meds used to treat headaches?

A

NSAIDs

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10
Q

What can cause headaches?

A

-Food:tea,coffee,fatty and fried foods,chocolate,alcohol drinks,caffinated drinks
-Weather
-Fasting and exhaustion
-genetics(family history)
-hormonal

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11
Q

Sensation of head pain in a headache is due to ?

A

tension,traction,distention, dilatation,inflammation of pain-sensitive structures external to the skull or dura mater and blood vessels

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12
Q

Mechanisms that can cause headaches?

A

-distention/vasodilatation of intracranial and extracranial arteries/veins
-compression or inflammation of the cranial nerves
-spasms or inflammation of cranial muscles or cervical muscles
-meningeal irritation
-increased intracranial pressure

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13
Q

What is a primary headache?

A

headache that is not caused by an underlying condition (tension headache,migraine, cluster headache)

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14
Q

What is a secondary headache

A

headache caused by an underlying condition or issue (trauma,tumor,infection)

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15
Q

Which gender has more prevalance to headaches?

A

Females(excluding cluster type headache)

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16
Q

Which is the nerve that is involved in head pain(headache?

A

Trigeminal nerve (cranial nerve V) that innervates blood vessels,mucosa, muscles and tissues with pain sensitive c-fibers thus slow pain )

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17
Q

Symptoms that help with medical evaluation of a headache?

A

location(unilateral/bilateral)
pain type(pulsatinh/burning)
intensity(scale 1-10)
frequency
duration
mitigating factors(factor that triggers headache)
medicines
family history
diseases
menstrual cycle
sleep pattern

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18
Q

How is the migraine ? Unilateral or bilateral

A

unilatetal

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19
Q

How is the pain of a migraine?

A

pulsating and throbbing

20
Q

What is the age prevalence in migraines?

A

young women

21
Q

What are some associated symptoms of Migraines?

A

nausea,vomiting,photophobia,phonophobia,vertigo and tinnitus

22
Q

What are the triggering factors of migraines?

A

stress, changes in weather,changes in estrogen levels,nitrates,visual stimuli,wine,sleep disturbances,aspartame

23
Q

What is the accepted theory of a migraine?

A

-period of excitation and a period of inhibition

-changes in blood flow:
period of hyperemia(a lot of blood supply) and a period of oligoemia(low blood supply)

24
Q

Tension headache prevalence?

A

women and young adults

25
Q

Does tension headache have aura?

A

NO aura

26
Q

How it the pain described in Tension-type headache?

A

-oppressive and constrictive like heavy
-tenderness and palpation

27
Q

Does tension type headache alter your daily activity tasks?

A

No

28
Q

How is the pain of tension-type headache located?

A

bilateral

29
Q

Tension-type headache is related to____________?

A

muscle contracture

30
Q

Cluster headache is the most common subtype of ________?

A

Trigeminal autonomic cephalalgias

31
Q

Cluster headache prevalence?

A

men older than 20 yrs

32
Q

Does cluster headache have aura?

A

No Aura

33
Q

How is the pain of cluster headache located?

A

unilateral (located more towards the eye)

34
Q

What are some associated symptoms of cluster headache?

A

ptosis,miosis,lacrimation,conjunctival infection,rhinorrhea,facial sweating, nasal congestion and periorbital edema

35
Q

What are some trigger factors associated with cluster headache?

A

alcohol,tobacco,histamine and nitroglycerin

36
Q

What is trigeminal neuralgia?

A

-one of the most severe facial pain syndromes
-affects patients older than 50(more frequent in women)
-related to ocular symptoms

37
Q

If a women older >50 has trigeminal neuralgia it is usually related to…..?

A

rheumatic problem or multiple sclerosis

38
Q

Why does trigeminal neuralgia happen?

A

85% related to the compression of the Trigeminal nerve root and can affect second and third branches of the trigeminal nerve

39
Q

How is the pain of trigeminal neuralgia described?

A

sudden, lancinating(piercing/stabbing) pain of short duration generally lasting 5-20 seconds

-described as an electric shock

40
Q

How is the pain of trigeminal neuralgia located?

A

unilateral

41
Q

How is trigeminal neuralgia diagnosed?

A

through MRI (to detect elongated vessels,small tumors, demyelinating lesions)

42
Q

What is a rhizotomy?

A

cut affected part of nerve (last resource)

43
Q

Temporal arteritis?

A

-vasculitis of medium and large vessels that affects extracranial branches of the carotid artery
-focal inflammation causing arterial stenosis or occulsion and systemic inflammation

*vasculitis=(inflammation ogf blood vessels)(when immune system attacks blood vessels by mistake)

44
Q

Age prevalence of Temporal arteritis ?

A

elderly women

45
Q

How is the pain of temporal arteritis described?

A

intense, throbbing headaache, pain the scalp while touching it and pain in the facial muscles when chewing

46
Q

What is the most serious complication of temporal arteritis?

A

rapidly progressive vision loss

47
Q

How is temporal arteritis confirmed?

A

physical examination, symptoms and temporal artery biopsy

Neuro Exam 2 (4 decks)

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