Headache

Question 1

Primary type headache?

Answer 1

Migraine, Tension and Cluster

Question 2

Secondary type headache?

Answer 2

following:
-head trauma (traumatic brain injury)(TBI)
-infections/tumor/vascular
-metabolic disorders
-medication overuse headache

Question 3

What are the 3 major categories of headaches?

Answer 3

1.primary headaches
2.secondary headaches
3.cranial neuralgia

Question 4

How do we diagnose a headache?

Answer 4

by their distintive symptoms

Question 5

Headaches that alter typical daily activity?

Answer 5

Migraines and cluster headaches

Question 6

What is the normal,typical headache?

Answer 6

Tension type headache

Question 7

Medication Overuse Headache?

Answer 7

occurs when pain meds are used frequently basis to treat acute headaches

Question 8

Traumatic Brain Injury(TBI)?

Answer 8

usually acute(suddenly)(ex. car crash ) but can become chronic and lead to significant disability

Question 9

What are the typical meds used to treat headaches?

Answer 9

NSAIDs

Question 10

What can cause headaches?

Answer 10

-Food:tea,coffee,fatty and fried foods,chocolate,alcohol drinks,caffinated drinks
-Weather
-Fasting and exhaustion
-genetics(family history)
-hormonal

Question 11

Sensation of head pain in a headache is due to ?

Answer 11

tension,traction,distention, dilatation,inflammation of pain-sensitive structures external to the skull or dura mater and blood vessels

Question 12

Mechanisms that can cause headaches?

Answer 12

-distention/vasodilatation of intracranial and extracranial arteries/veins
-compression or inflammation of the cranial nerves
-spasms or inflammation of cranial muscles or cervical muscles
-meningeal irritation
-increased intracranial pressure

Question 13

What is a primary headache?

Answer 13

headache that is not caused by an underlying condition (tension headache,migraine, cluster headache)

Question 14

What is a secondary headache

Answer 14

headache caused by an underlying condition or issue (trauma,tumor,infection)

Question 15

Which gender has more prevalance to headaches?

Answer 15

Females(excluding cluster type headache)

Question 16

Which is the nerve that is involved in head pain(headache?

Answer 16

Trigeminal nerve (cranial nerve V) that innervates blood vessels,mucosa, muscles and tissues with pain sensitive c-fibers thus slow pain )

Question 17

Symptoms that help with medical evaluation of a headache?

Answer 17

location(unilateral/bilateral)
pain type(pulsatinh/burning)
intensity(scale 1-10)
frequency
duration
mitigating factors(factor that triggers headache)
medicines
family history
diseases
menstrual cycle
sleep pattern

Question 18

How is the migraine ? Unilateral or bilateral

Answer 18

unilatetal

Question 19

How is the pain of a migraine?

Answer 19

pulsating and throbbing

Question 20

What is the age prevalence in migraines?

Answer 20

young women

Question 21

What are some associated symptoms of Migraines?

Answer 21

nausea,vomiting,photophobia,phonophobia,vertigo and tinnitus

Question 22

What are the triggering factors of migraines?

Answer 22

stress, changes in weather,changes in estrogen levels,nitrates,visual stimuli,wine,sleep disturbances,aspartame

Question 23

What is the accepted theory of a migraine?

Answer 23

-period of excitation and a period of inhibition

-changes in blood flow:
period of hyperemia(a lot of blood supply) and a period of oligoemia(low blood supply)

Question 24

Tension headache prevalence?

Answer 24

women and young adults

Question 25

Does tension headache have aura?

Answer 25

NO aura

Question 26

How it the pain described in Tension-type headache?

Answer 26

-oppressive and constrictive like heavy -tenderness and palpation

Question 27

Does tension type headache alter your daily activity tasks?

Answer 27

No

Question 28

How is the pain of tension-type headache located?

Answer 28

bilateral

Question 29

Tension-type headache is related to____________?

Answer 29

muscle contracture

Question 30

Cluster headache is the most common subtype of ________?

Answer 30

Trigeminal autonomic cephalalgias

Question 31

Cluster headache prevalence?

Answer 31

men older than 20 yrs

Question 32

Does cluster headache have aura?

Answer 32

No Aura

Question 33

How is the pain of cluster headache located?

Answer 33

unilateral (located more towards the eye)

Question 34

What are some associated symptoms of cluster headache?

Answer 34

ptosis,miosis,lacrimation,conjunctival infection,rhinorrhea,facial sweating, nasal congestion and periorbital edema

Question 35

What are some trigger factors associated with cluster headache?

Answer 35

alcohol,tobacco,histamine and nitroglycerin

Question 36

What is trigeminal neuralgia?

Answer 36

-one of the most severe facial pain syndromes -affects patients older than 50(more frequent in women) -related to ocular symptoms

Question 37

If a women older >50 has trigeminal neuralgia it is usually related to.....?

Answer 37

rheumatic problem or multiple sclerosis

Question 38

Why does trigeminal neuralgia happen?

Answer 38

85% related to the compression of the Trigeminal nerve root and can affect second and third branches of the trigeminal nerve

Question 39

How is the pain of trigeminal neuralgia described?

Answer 39

sudden, lancinating(piercing/stabbing) pain of short duration generally lasting 5-20 seconds -described as an electric shock

Question 40

How is the pain of trigeminal neuralgia located?

Answer 40

unilateral

Question 41

How is trigeminal neuralgia diagnosed?

Answer 41

through MRI (to detect elongated vessels,small tumors, demyelinating lesions)

Question 42

What is a rhizotomy?

Answer 42

cut affected part of nerve (last resource)

Question 43

Temporal arteritis?

Answer 43

-vasculitis of medium and large vessels that affects extracranial branches of the carotid artery -focal inflammation causing arterial stenosis or occulsion and systemic inflammation *vasculitis=(inflammation ogf blood vessels)(when immune system attacks blood vessels by mistake)

Question 44

Age prevalence of Temporal arteritis ?

Answer 44

elderly women

Question 45

How is the pain of temporal arteritis described?

Answer 45

intense, throbbing headaache, pain the scalp while touching it and pain in the facial muscles when chewing

Question 46

What is the most serious complication of temporal arteritis?

Answer 46

rapidly progressive vision loss

Question 47

How is temporal arteritis confirmed?

Answer 47

physical examination, symptoms and temporal artery biopsy