Head, Neck, Nose, & Throat ... and Ears (Quiz 2)

Question 1

When performing an HENT evaluation, what’s the first thing you should do?

Answer 1

Preform a gross visual inspection. Evaluate the head and neck for size, shape, and evidence of surgery. Evaluate the skin color for jaundice, pallor, cyanosis, and pigmentation

Question 2

What are the functions of the lymphatic system?

Answer 2

1) Reroute extracellular fluid from interstitial spaces back to bloodstream.
2) Absorb and transport fat from GI
3) Immune defense

Question 3

Which four tissues lack lymphatic channels

Answer 3

CNS, Internal ear, Bone, Cartilage

Question 4

What cells reside in lymph nodes?

Answer 4

B and T cells (lymphocytes)

Question 5

What is lymphadenopathy?

Answer 5

Enlargement of lymph nodes due to hyperplasia, leukocytic infiltration, or edema. This often occurs during infection, especially with viral infections. These nodes can be tender to light palpation.

Question 6

Lymph notes are especially concentrated in the head and neck. How many cervical lymph nodes are there?

Answer 6

~300

Question 7

What are the major cervical lymph node chains we are concerned with? (5)

Answer 7

Occipital, Posterior auricular, Submandibular, Submental, Anterior auricular

Question 8

What area(s) does the occipital lymphatic chain drain?

Answer 8

Posterior scalp

Question 9

What area(s) does the posterior auricular lymphatic chain drain?

Answer 9

Scalp, auricle, external auditory meatus

Question 10

What area(s) does the submandibular lymphatic chain drain?

Answer 10

Upper lip and cheeks, lateral 1/3 of lower lids, tongue, floor of mouth, soft palate, anterior nasal cavity, sinuses

Question 11

What area(s) does the submental lymphatic chain drain?

Answer 11

Tip of tongue, floor of mouth, lower lip, skin of chin

Question 12

What area(s) does the anterior auricular lymphatic chain drain?

Answer 12

Upper and medial 2/3 of lower lids, auricle, external auditory meatus

Question 13

What are some other names we have for the anterior auricular lymphatic chain?

Answer 13

Preauricular, parotid

Question 14

What is the suggested order for cervical lymph node palpation?

Answer 14

Occipital, Posterior auricular,
Posterior cervical, 
Superficial cervical,
Deep cervical,
Anterior auricular,
Tonsillar,
Submandibular,
Submental

Question 15

What is a good general technique for lymph node palpation?

Answer 15

Roll the skin in a circular motion using the pads of all four fingertips.
Palpate both sides at the same time. Walk your fingers down the area in question keeping one finger on the skin as you move others. Gentle pressure

Question 16

What size do lymph nodes need to be to be considered abnormally large?

Answer 16

> 1cm

Question 17

If a lymph node is abnormally large, does that mean it is inflamed?

Answer 17

Nope! It is common for lymph nodes to remain large after an infection or inflammation has passed. These lymph nodes will be enlarged, but non-tender.

Question 18

If a node is tender and soft, that indicates…

Answer 18

…inflammation

Question 19

What do firm, rubbery nodes indicate?

Answer 19

Lymphoma

Question 20

What do hard nodes indicate?

Answer 20

Matastatic nodes

Question 21

What do fixed, matted nodes indicate?

Answer 21

Malignancy! These tend to increase in size over time