head neck mouth nose and throat

Question 1

skull

Answer 1

rigid box that protects the brain and is supported by cervical vertebrae

Question 2

cranial bones

Answer 2

1. frontal
2. parietal
3. occipital
4. temporal

Question 3

sutures

Answer 3

1. coronal
2. sagittal
3. lambdoid

Question 4

structure and function

Answer 4

facial expressions are mediated by CN VII
facial muscles should be symmetric bilaterally
… palpebral fissures
… nasolabial folds
the facial structures should also be symmetric
1. eyes
2. nose
3. mouth

Question 5

parotid gland

Answer 5

in the cheeks, mandible, anterior to and below the ear
not normally palpable
stenson’s

Question 6

submandibular glands

Answer 6

beneath mandible at angle of the jaw
wharton’s
either side of the phrenulum

Question 7

sublingual glands

Answer 7

lie in the floor of the mouth

8-20 opening

Question 8

the major neck muscles are innervated by what cranial muscle

Answer 8

CN XI

Question 9

sternomastoid

Answer 9

enables head rotation and flexion

anterior and posterior triangles

Question 10

trapezius

Answer 10

moves shoulders and extends and turns head

Question 11

thyroid gland

Answer 11

synthesizes and secrets thyroxine ( t4) and trilodothyronine ( t3)
the gland has two lobes- connected in middle by a thin ISTHMUS and above that by the cricoid cartilage or upper tracheal ring

Question 12

Drainage patterns of lymph nodes

Answer 12

lymph nodes are small oval clusters of lymphatic tissue that filter lymph, and engulf pathogens, preventing potentially harmful substances from entering the circulation
greatest supply is in head and neck

Question 13

location of the lymph nodes

Answer 13

1. preauricular
2. posterior auricular
3. occipital
4. submental
5. submandibular
6. jugulodigastric
7. superficial cervical ( anterior)
8. posterior cervical
9. supracervical

Question 14

nose

Answer 14

the first segment of the respiratory system

it warms, moistens, and filters, the inhaled air, and it is the sensory organ for smell

Question 15

nares

Answer 15

the oval openings at the base of the nose

Question 16

columella

Answer 16

divides the two nares and is continuous inside with the nasal septum

Question 17

nasal cavity

Answer 17

large and extends back over the roof of the mouth

nasal mucosa appears redder than oral mucosa because of rich blood supply present to warm the inhaled air

Question 18

turbinates

Answer 18

the lateral walls of each nasal cavity contain three bony projections
they increase the surface area so more blood vessels are available to warm, humidify and filter the inhaled air

Question 19

mouth

Answer 19

first segment of the digestive system and an airway for the respiratory systems
contains the teeth, gums, tongue, and three pairs of salivary gland

Question 20

hard bony palate

Answer 20

whitish

Question 21

soft palate

Answer 21

posterior

is an arch of muscle that is pinker and mobile

Question 22

inspection and palpate the nose

Answer 22

the nose is symmetric 
midline
in proportion to other facial features 
inspect for any deformities, asymmetry, inflammation, or skin lesions
test the potency of the nostrils
revels any obstructions

Question 23

nasal cavity

Answer 23

attach a short, wide tipped speculum to the otoscope head and insert into the nasal vestibule, avoid pressure on the nasal septum

Question 24

palpate the sinus area

Answer 24

using your thumbs press over the front sinus below the eye brows and over the maxillary sinuses below the cheekbones
should feel firm pressure but no pain

Question 25

inspect the mouth the lips

Answer 25

color
moisture
cracking
lesions
black persons may have bluish lips which is normal

Question 26

inspect the teeth and gums

Answer 26

normally appear white, straight, evenly spaced, and clean and free of debris or decay
note any diseased absent or abnormally positioned teeth

Question 27

buccal mucosa

Answer 27

the buccal mucosa looks pink smooth and moist
patchy hyper-pigmentation is normal
stepson’s duct- the opening of the parotid salivary gland, looks like a small dimple opposite the upper second molar. you may also see a raised occlusion line on the buccal mucosa parallel with the level the teeth meet

Question 28

fordyce’s granules

Answer 28

small isolated white or yellow papule on the mucosa of cheek, tongue, and lips
sebaceous cysts

Question 29

inspection of the palate

Answer 29

the more anterior hard palate is white with irregular transverse rugae
the posterior soft palate is pink smooth and upwardly movable
ask the person to say ‘ahhhh’ and note the soft palate and uvula rise in the midline.
test cranial nerve X- the vagus nerve.

Question 30

inspecting the throat

Answer 30

the tonsils are the same pink as the oral mucosa and their surface is peppered with indentation or crypts.
there should be no exudate on the tonsils
1+ visible
2+ hallway between tonsillar pillars and uvula
3+ touching the uvula
4+ touching each other

Question 31

inspecting the throat continued

Answer 31

depress the tongue with a tongue blade.

scan the posterior pharyngeal wall for color, exudate, and lesions

Question 32

gag reflex

Answer 32

touching the posterior wall with tongue blade elects this

tests CN XI and X

Question 33

testing cn XII

Answer 33

ask the person to stick out their tongue

Question 34

developmental considerations

Answer 34

newborns-moldings
infants- fontanel ( go away in a week)
neck strength ( 4 month) 
head size in relation to body
head circumferences and chest circumferences

Question 35

child

Answer 35

dental care

head circumferences

Question 36

aging adult

Answer 36

use caution with ROM
subcutaneous fat decreases
appearance changes with changes in the mouth

Question 37

salivations begins…

Answer 37

at 3 months