Head, Neck, Face

Question 1

Sternocleidomastoid

Answer 1

•ACTION
Unilaterally:
Laterally flex the head and neck to the same side
Rotate the head and neck to the opposite side
Bilaterally:
Flex the neck
Assist to elevate the rib cage during inhalation

•ORIGIN
Sternal head:
Top of manubrium
Clavicular head:
Medial one-third of the clavicle

•INSERTION
Mastoid process of temporal bone and the lateral portion of superior nuchal line of occiput

•NERVE
Spinal accessory (XI) nerve, C2, 3

Question 2

Anterior Scalene

Answer 2

•ACTION
Unilaterally:
With the ribs fixed, laterally flex the head and neck to the same side
Rotate head and neck to the opposite side
Bilaterally:
Elevate the ribs during inhalation
Flex the head and neck

•ORIGIN
Transverse processes of C3-6 (anterior tubercles)

•INSERTION
First rib

•NERVE
C(3), 4-8

Question 3

Middle Scalene

Answer 3

•ACTION
Unilaterally:
With the ribs fixed, laterally flex the head and neck to the same side
Rotate head and neck to the opposite side
Bilaterally:
Elevate the ribs during inhalation

•ORIGIN
Transverse processes of C2-7 (posterior tubercles)

•INSERTION
First rib

•NERVE
C(3), 4-8

Question 4

Posterior Scalene

Answer 4

•Action
Unilaterally:
With the ribs fixed, laterally flex the head and neck to the same side
Rotate head and neck to the opposite side
Bilaterally:
Elevate the ribs during inhalation

•ORIGIN
Transverse processes of C6 & C7 (posterior tubercles)

•INSERTION
Second rib

•NERVE
C(3), 4-8

Question 5

Masseter

Answer 5

•Action
Elevate the mandible
May assist to protract the mandible

•ORIGIN
Zygomatic arch

•INSERTION
Angle and ramus of mandible

•NERVE
Trigeminal (V) nerve (mandibular division)

Question 6

Temporalis

Answer 6

•ACTION
Elevate & retract the mandible

•ORIGIN
Temporal fossa and fascia

•INSERTION
Coronoid process and anterior edge of ramus of the mandible

•NERVE
Trigeminal (V) nerve (mandibular division)

Question 7

Geniohyoid
(suprahyoid)

Answer 7

•ACTION
Elevate hyoid and tongue
Depress mandible
•ORIGIN
Underside of mandible
•INSERTION
Hyoid bone
•NERVE
C1,2

Question 8

Mylohyoid
(Suprahyoid)

Answer 8

•Action
Elevate hyoid and tongue
Depress mandible
•ORIGIN
Underside of mandible
•INSERTION
Hyoid bone
•NERVE
Trigeminal (V)

Question 9

Stylohyoid
(suprahyoid)

Answer 9

•Action
Elevate hyoid and tongue
Depress mandible
•ORIGIN
Styloid process
•INSERTION
Hyoid bone
•Nerve
Facial (VII)

Question 10

Digastric

Answer 10

•ACTION
Depress and retract the mandible
Elevate the hyoid bone
•ORIGIN
Mastoid process (deep to SCM and splenius capitis)
•INSERTION
Inferior border of the mandible
•NERVE
Anterior belly: Trigeminal (V) (mandibular division)
Posterior belly: Facial (VII)

Question 11

Sternohyoid
(infrahyoid)

Answer 11

•ACTION
Depress the hyoid bone and thyroid cartilage
•ORIGIN
Top of manubrium
•INSERTION
Hyoid bone
•NERVE
C1, 2,3

Question 12

Sternothyroid
(infrahyoid)

Answer 12

•ACTION
Depress the hyoid bone and thyroid cartilage
•ORIGIN
Top of Manubrium
•INSERTION
Thyroid cartilage
•NERVE
C1,2,3

Question 13

Thyrohyoid
(infrahyoid)

Answer 13

•ACTION
Depress the hyoid bone and thyroid cartilage
•ORIGIN
Thyroid cartilage
•INSERTION
Hyoid bone
•NERVE
C1,2

Question 14

Omohyoid
(infrahyoid)

Answer 14

•Action
Depress the hyoid bone and thyroid cartilage
•ORIGIN
Superior border of the scapula
•INSERTION
Hyoid bone
•NERVE
C1, 2,3

Question 15

Platysma

Answer 15

•Action
Assist to depress the mandible
Tighten the fascia of the neck
Draw down corner of the mouth
•ORIGIN
Fascia covering superior part of pectoralis major
•INSERTION
Base of mandible, skin of lower part of face
•NERVE
Facial (VII)

Question 16

Occipitofrontalis

Answer 16

•ACTION
Frontalis: Raise the eyebrows and wrinkle the forehead
Occipitalis: Anchor and retract the galea posteriorly
•ORIGIN
Both: Galea aponeurotica
•INSERTION
Frontalis: Skin superior to eyebrows
Occipitalis: Superior nuchal line of the occiput
•NERVE
Facial (VII)

Question 17

Medial Pterygoid

Answer 17

•Action
Unilaterally:
Laterally deviate the mandible to the opposite side
Bilaterally:
Elevate and protract the mandible
•ORIGIN
Medial surface of lateral pterygoid plate of sphenoid bone and tuberosity of maxilla
•INSERTION
Medial surface of ramus of the mandible
•NERVE
Trigeminal (V)

Question 18

Lateral Pterygoid

Answer 18

•ACTION
Unilaterally:
Lateral deviation
Bilaterally:
Protract the mandible
•ORIGIN
Superior head:
Infratemporal surface and crest of greater wing of sphenoid bone
Inferior head:
Lateral surface of lateral pterygoid plate of sphenoid bone
•INSERTION
Articular disc and capsule of temporomandibular joint. neck of mandible
•NERVE
Trigeminal (V)

Question 19

Longus Capitis

Answer 19

•ACTION
Unilaterally:
Laterally flex the head and neck to the same side
Rotate the head and neck to the same side
Bilaterally:
Flex the head and neck
•ORIGIN
TP of C-3 through C-6
•INSERTION
Inferior surface of occiput
•NERVE
C1,2,3. (4)

Question 20

Longus Colli

Answer 20

•ACTION
Unilaterally:
Laterally flex the head and neck to the same side
Rotate the head and neck to the same side
Bilaterally:
Flex the head and neck
•ORIGIN
Bodies of C-5 through T-3, transverse processes of C-3
through C-5
•INSERTION
Tubercle on anterior arch of the atlas; bodies of the axis, C-3, and C-4; TP of C-5 and C-6
•NERVE
C2-6, (7)