Head, Neck, Back, and Spine Flashcards

1
Q

Components of head et neck

A

SCALP
Skin: sebaceous/sweat glands
Connective Tissues: major arteries et veins
Aponeurosis: connects ms
Loose areolar tissue: emissary veins
Periosteum: inner portion of scalp

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2
Q

Axial (80)

A

Skull
Vertebrae
Ribs
Sternum
Coccyx
Ear ossicles

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3
Q

Appendicular (126)

A

UE
LE

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4
Q

Components of Ear Ossicles

A

HIM / MAS
Hamer - Malleus
Incus - Anvil
Stapes - stirrups

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5
Q

Skull: Cranial bones

A

Parietal
Temporal
Frontal
Occipital
Ethmoid
Sphenoid

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6
Q

Paired cranial bones

A

Parietal and Temporal

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7
Q

Most difficult to visualize cranial bone

A

Sphenoid

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8
Q

not paired facial bones

A

Vomer and Mandible

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9
Q

Skull: facial bones

A

Nasal
Inferior nasal conchae
Lacrimal
Palatine
Zygomatic
Vomer
Maxilla
Mandible

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10
Q

Sutures

A

Coronal
Sagittal
Lambdoidal

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11
Q

Anterior fontanelle closes at what month?

A

18-24 mos

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12
Q

Post closes at what month

A

9-12 mos

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13
Q

Anterior fontanelle is called ______ if closed

A

bregma

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14
Q

Posterior is called ______ if closed

A

lambda

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15
Q

(+) elevation=?

A

hydrocephalus

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16
Q

(+) depression/sunken fontanelle=?

A

dehydration

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17
Q

Anatomical Landmarks

A

Nasion
Pterion
Inion
Glabella
Philtrum

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18
Q

Depression at roof of nose

A

Nasion

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19
Q

Lateral portion of skull
Thinnest area

A

Pterion

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20
Q

External occipital protuberance
bump of knowledge

A

Inion

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21
Q

b/w eyebrows

A

glabella

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22
Q

b/w upper lip et nose

A

philtrum

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23
Q

Muscles of the head:
for facial expressions

A

Occipital frontalis
Corrugator Supercilii
Procerus
Zygomatic major and minor
Levator anguli oris
Risorius
Orbicularis Oris
Buccinator
Mentalis
Levator labii superioris
Platysma

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24
Q

Muscles for eye opening

A

Levator palpebrae superioris - 80%
Mueller’s muscle - 20%

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25
Q

Muscle for eye closing

A

Orbicularis oculi

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26
Q

What facial ms?
- raises eyebrows
- last to recover in Bell’s Palsy
- Surprise ms

A

Occipital frontalis

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27
Q

What facial ms?
- frowning

A

Corrugator Supercilii

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28
Q

What facial ms?
- nose scrunching
- distaste

A

Procerus

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29
Q

What facial ms?
- sneering ms

A

Levator anguli oris

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30
Q

What facial ms?
- grimace
- if absent? =

A

Risorius
= dimple

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31
Q

What facial ms?
- for kissing

A

Orbicularis Oris

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32
Q

What facial ms?
- blowing
- sucking
- whistling

A

Buccinator

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33
Q

What facial ms?
- pouting

A

Mentalis

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34
Q

What facial muscle?
- elevates upper lip

A

Levator Labii Superioris

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35
Q

What facial ms?
- “egad” ms
- ms of horror
- pulls neck downward

A

Platysma

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36
Q

What facial ms?
- protrusion of lower lip

A

Depressor anguli oris

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37
Q

EOM_
SO_
LR_

A

EOM3
SO4
LR6

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38
Q

EO Muscles

A

SR
LR
IR
IO
MR
SO

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39
Q

Muscles activates if a person looks straight?

A

all of the eoms

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40
Q

Point of entry/exit of CN
- cribriform plate

A

CN 1

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41
Q

Point of entry/exit of CN
- optic canal

A

CN 2

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42
Q

Point of entry/exit of CN
- Superior orbital fissure

A

CN 3,4 5v1, 6

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43
Q

Point of entry/exit of CN
- Foramen rotundum

A

CN 5v2

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44
Q

Point of entry/exit of CN
- Foramen ovale

A

CN 5v3

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45
Q

Point of entry/exit of CN
- Internal acoustic meatus

A

CN 7,8

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46
Q

Point of entry/exit of CN
- Jugular Foramen

A

CN 9,10,11

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47
Q

Point of entry/exit of CN
Hypoglossal Canal

A

CN 12

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48
Q

Atlas
no body
no spinous process

A

C1

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49
Q

Axis
(+) dens
Atypical
fx: hangman’s

A

C2

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50
Q

Hyoid

A

C3

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51
Q

Thyroid

A

C4

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52
Q

most mobile

A

C5 et C6

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53
Q

most mobile
cricoid

A

C6

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54
Q

prominent
long
non bifid

A

C7

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55
Q

Schober’s test landmarks

A

C7-S2

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56
Q

How to stretch L torticollis?

A

R lat flexion
L rotation

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57
Q

torticollis to the L

A

R SCM

58
Q

L torticollis

A

L SCM

59
Q

What bone?
-no muscle attachment
- stabilized by what ligament?__________

A

Hyoid bone

stylohyoid ligament

60
Q

Action of SCM?

A

i/l lateral flexion
c/l rotation

61
Q

How to stretch SCM?

A

c/l lateral flexion
i/l rotation

62
Q

Action of Scalenes?

A

i/l lateral flexion and rotation

63
Q

Syndrome involving scalene ms?

A

R scalenus anticus syndrome

64
Q
  • Synovial joint
  • modified hinge joint (2 joints)
A

TMJ

65
Q

Action of superior TMJ?

A

translational sliding/gliding

66
Q

Action of inferior TMJ

A

Rolling

67
Q

Normal range for TMJ elevation?

A

close mouth

68
Q

N Depression of TMJ

A

35-55mm
3 finger breaths

69
Q

N Protrusion of TMJ

A

3-6mm

70
Q

N retrusion of TMJ

A

3-4mm

71
Q

N lateral deviation/excursion

A

10-15mm

72
Q

N amount of mastication

A

18mm

73
Q

Muscles of Mastication

A

CN 5
(TIME)
Temporalis
Internal Pterygoid
Masseter
External Pterygoid

74
Q

Muscles of mastication for closing

A

Temporalis
Internal Pterygoid
Masseter

75
Q
A
76
Q

Muscles of mastication for mouth opening

A

External Pterygoid

77
Q

Muscles in Lateral deviation of jaw

A

Lateral pterygoid (I/L)
med/int pterygoid (C/L)`

78
Q

R Lateral deviation of jaw

A

R lateral pterygoid
L medial pterygoid

79
Q

Muscles of the Tongue
- action?
- CN?

A

Palatoglossus - elevation; CN 9 et 10
Genioglossus - protrusion; CN 12
Hyoglossus - retrusion; CN 12
Styloglossus - curling; CN 12

80
Q

Function of Back et Spine

A

(SIRENA)
Supports head
Important attachment of muscles, ligaments of spine
Ribs attachment
Encloses spinal cord
Nagprovide ng mobility + flexion of spine
Ability to transfer weight from head -> spine -> extremities

81
Q

Diameter of vertebral column in
Females?
Males?

A

M: 72cm
F: 62 cm

82
Q

How many total vertebrae are there in a child?
-Cervical
-Thoracic
-Lumbar
-Sacrum
-Coccyx

A

Total = 33
-Cervical: 7
-Thoracic: 12
-Lumbar: 5
-Sacrum: 5
-Coccyx: 4

83
Q

How many vertebrae are there in adults?
-Cervical
-Thoracic
-Lumbar
-Sacrum
-Coccyx

A

Total= 26
-Cervical: 7
-Thoracic: 12
-Lumbar: 5
-Sacrum: 1
-Coccyx: 1

84
Q

What are the typical vertebrae

A

C3-C6
T4-T8
L1-L4

85
Q

Vertebral body of (size)
- Cervical
- Thoracic
- Lumbar

A
  • Cervical: small
  • Thoracic: med
  • Lumbar: large
86
Q

Spinous process of
- Cervical
- Thoracic
- Lumbar

A
  • Cervical: short, bifid
  • Thoracic: long, inclined downward
  • Lumbar: short, flat, quadrilateral
87
Q

Transverse process of
- Cervical
- Thoracic
- Lumbar

A
  • Cervical:
    transverse foramen: vertebral aa, vertebral vein, sympathetic nn
  • Thoracic
    costal facets
  • Lumbar
    conical
88
Q

Spinal column of
- Cervical
- Thoracic
- Lumbar

A
  • Cervical: largest, triangular
  • Thoracic: smallest, circular
  • Lumbar: triangular
89
Q

Facet joints of
- Cervical
- Thoracic
- Lumbar

A
  • Cervical
    Sup: sup et post
    Inf: ant et inf
    perpendicular to sagittal plane
  • Thoracic
    Sup: lat-post
    Inf: med-ant
    perpendicular to frontal plane
  • Lumbar
    Sup: med
    Inf: lat
    perpendicular to sagittal plane
90
Q

Angle of inclination of
- Cervical
- Thoracic
- Lumbar

A
  • Cervical: 45 deg
  • Thoracic: 60 deg
  • Lumbar: 90 deg
91
Q

What are the atypical vertebrae

A

C1
C2
C7
T1
T2-T4
T9-T10
T11-T12
L5

92
Q

What atypical vertebrae?
- atlas, no body, no SP

A

C1

93
Q

What atypical vertebrae?
- axis, (+) dens (odontoid), large, bifid SP, short TP

A

C2

94
Q

What atypical vertebrae?
- long, non-bifid SP
- vertebral prominence

A

C7

95
Q

What atypical vertebrae?
- horizontal SP, costal facets (sup vertebral body)

A

T1

96
Q

What atypical vertebrae?
- almost horizontal spinous process

A

T2-T4

97
Q

What atypical vertebrae?
- (+) tubercles
- landmark for xiphoid process

A

T9-T10

98
Q

What atypical vertebrae?
- costal facets
- outer pedicle

A

T11-T12

99
Q

What atypical vertebrae?
- short transverse process

A

L5

100
Q
  • Yes joint
  • flexion et extension (how many %)
  • What type of joint?
A
  • AO
  • 50%
  • condyloid jt
101
Q
  • No joint
  • rotation (how many %)
  • what type of joint?
A
  • AA
  • 50%
  • pivot/trochoid jt
102
Q

Displacement of Nucleus Pulposus

A

Disc herniation

103
Q

Stages of disc herniation

A

BPES
1. Bulging/protrusion: intact AF
2. Prolapse
3. Extrusion: complete tear of NP but still inside
4. Sequestration: NP went out

104
Q

Most common direction of disc herniation?
Why?

A
  • Post
  • PLL tapers posteriorly/inferiorly
105
Q

Protein found in Nucleus Pulposus?
how many % of H2O?

A

Proteoglycans
80%

106
Q

Protein found in annulus fibrosus

A

lamellae

107
Q

Ligament of spine:
- limits extension of spine

A

ALL (Anterior Longitudinal Ligament)

108
Q

Ligament of spine:
- limits flexion of spine

A

PLL (Posterior Longitudinal Ligament)

109
Q

Ligament of spine:
- connects tips of spinous process
- T1 below

A

Supraspinous ligament

110
Q

Ligament of spine:
- yellow ligament- connects adjacent lamina

A

Ligamentum flavum

111
Q

Ligament of spine:
- b/w spinous process of adjacent vertebrae

A

Interspinous ligament

112
Q

Ligament of spine:
- b/w transverse process

A

Intertransversarii

113
Q

Ligament of spine:
- connects SP of C7 to occiput; traps

A

Ligamentum nuchae

114
Q

Ligament of spine:
- skull to atlas
- limits rotation

A

Alar ligament

115
Q

Ligament of spine:
- prevents posterior subluxation of C2

A

Transverse ligament

116
Q

Ligament of spine:
- connects foramen magnum to apex of C1

A

Apical Ligament

117
Q

Superficial muscle of back:
- UR
- Shawl ms

A

Trapezius

118
Q

Superficial muscle of back:
- UR
- retraction

A

Levator Scapulae

118
Q

Superficial muscle of back:
- EXADDIR
- crutch walking ms

A

Latissimus Dorsi

119
Q

Superficial muscle of back:
- UR
- retraction

A

Rhomboids

120
Q

Intermediate muscle of back:
- forced inspiration
- forced expiration

A
  • Serratus Posterior
  • sup
  • inf
121
Q

Deep muscle of back:
- “bandage”
- neck?
- head?

A
  • splenius
  • capitis
  • cervicis
122
Q

Deep muscle of back:
- Erector spinae muscles

A

(I Love Se-)
Iliocostalis
Longissimus
Spinalis

123
Q

Deep muscle of back:
- Transversospinalis

A

Semispinalis
Multifidus
Rotatores

124
Q

What muscle elevates lower ribs?

A

Levatores Costarum

125
Q

What muscle is tight if (+) forward head?

A

Suboccipital muscles

126
Q

Anterior group muscles
- add, IR
- depresses shoulder

A
  • pec major
  • pec minor
127
Q

Anterior group muscles
- boxer’s ms; saw ms

A

Serratus Anterior

128
Q

Anterior group muscles
- core ms
- upper: sit ups
- lower: double leg raise

A

Rectus abdominis

128
Q

Anterior group muscles
- core ms
- corset ms

A

Transversus abdominis

129
Q

Anterior group muscles
- core ms
- Internal (I/L)
- External (C/L)

A

Obliques

130
Q

Lateral group muscles

A

Quadratum lumborum
Psoas major

131
Q

Landmark for C3

A

Hyoid

132
Q

Landmark for C4

A

Thyroid

133
Q

Landmark for C6

A

cricoid

134
Q

What are the 9 Cartilages?

A

Thyroid
Cricoid
Arytenoid - 2
Corniculate - 2
Cuneiform - 2
Epiglottis Sphincter fxn

135
Q

Sing Voltes Spine

A

Char

136
Q

Flexion of
AO
AA
C3-C7
Thoracic
Lumbar

A

10
5
45
15
40

137
Q

Extension of
AO
AA
C3-C7
Thoracic
Lumbar

A

25
10
45
15
25

138
Q

Lateral Flexion of
AO
AA
C3-C7
Thoracic
Lumbar

A

L et R: 5
L et R: 10
L et R: 30
15
20

139
Q

Lateral Flexion of
AO
AA
C3-C7
Thoracic
Lumbar

A

L et R: 5
L et R: 10
L et R: 30
15
20

140
Q

Rotation of
AO
AA
C3-C7
Thoracic
Lumbar

A

L et R: 0
L et R: 45
L et R: 30
L et: 40
L et R: 5