Head, Neck, Back, and Spine Flashcards
Components of head et neck
SCALP
Skin: sebaceous/sweat glands
Connective Tissues: major arteries et veins
Aponeurosis: connects ms
Loose areolar tissue: emissary veins
Periosteum: inner portion of scalp
Axial (80)
Skull
Vertebrae
Ribs
Sternum
Coccyx
Ear ossicles
Appendicular (126)
UE
LE
Components of Ear Ossicles
HIM / MAS
Hamer - Malleus
Incus - Anvil
Stapes - stirrups
Skull: Cranial bones
Parietal
Temporal
Frontal
Occipital
Ethmoid
Sphenoid
Paired cranial bones
Parietal and Temporal
Most difficult to visualize cranial bone
Sphenoid
not paired facial bones
Vomer and Mandible
Skull: facial bones
Nasal
Inferior nasal conchae
Lacrimal
Palatine
Zygomatic
Vomer
Maxilla
Mandible
Sutures
Coronal
Sagittal
Lambdoidal
Anterior fontanelle closes at what month?
18-24 mos
Post closes at what month
9-12 mos
Anterior fontanelle is called ______ if closed
bregma
Posterior is called ______ if closed
lambda
(+) elevation=?
hydrocephalus
(+) depression/sunken fontanelle=?
dehydration
Anatomical Landmarks
Nasion
Pterion
Inion
Glabella
Philtrum
Depression at roof of nose
Nasion
Lateral portion of skull
Thinnest area
Pterion
External occipital protuberance
bump of knowledge
Inion
b/w eyebrows
glabella
b/w upper lip et nose
philtrum
Muscles of the head:
for facial expressions
Occipital frontalis
Corrugator Supercilii
Procerus
Zygomatic major and minor
Levator anguli oris
Risorius
Orbicularis Oris
Buccinator
Mentalis
Levator labii superioris
Platysma
Muscles for eye opening
Levator palpebrae superioris - 80%
Mueller’s muscle - 20%
Muscle for eye closing
Orbicularis oculi
What facial ms?
- raises eyebrows
- last to recover in Bell’s Palsy
- Surprise ms
Occipital frontalis
What facial ms?
- frowning
Corrugator Supercilii
What facial ms?
- nose scrunching
- distaste
Procerus
What facial ms?
- sneering ms
Levator anguli oris
What facial ms?
- grimace
- if absent? =
Risorius
= dimple
What facial ms?
- for kissing
Orbicularis Oris
What facial ms?
- blowing
- sucking
- whistling
Buccinator
What facial ms?
- pouting
Mentalis
What facial muscle?
- elevates upper lip
Levator Labii Superioris
What facial ms?
- “egad” ms
- ms of horror
- pulls neck downward
Platysma
What facial ms?
- protrusion of lower lip
Depressor anguli oris
EOM_
SO_
LR_
EOM3
SO4
LR6
EO Muscles
SR
LR
IR
IO
MR
SO
Muscles activates if a person looks straight?
all of the eoms
Point of entry/exit of CN
- cribriform plate
CN 1
Point of entry/exit of CN
- optic canal
CN 2
Point of entry/exit of CN
- Superior orbital fissure
CN 3,4 5v1, 6
Point of entry/exit of CN
- Foramen rotundum
CN 5v2
Point of entry/exit of CN
- Foramen ovale
CN 5v3
Point of entry/exit of CN
- Internal acoustic meatus
CN 7,8
Point of entry/exit of CN
- Jugular Foramen
CN 9,10,11
Point of entry/exit of CN
Hypoglossal Canal
CN 12
Atlas
no body
no spinous process
C1
Axis
(+) dens
Atypical
fx: hangman’s
C2
Hyoid
C3
Thyroid
C4
most mobile
C5 et C6
most mobile
cricoid
C6
prominent
long
non bifid
C7
Schober’s test landmarks
C7-S2
How to stretch L torticollis?
R lat flexion
L rotation