Head & Neck Anatomy Flashcards
What are the two regions of the cranium (skull)?
- Neurocranium (surrounds brain)
- Viscerocranium (makes up facial skeleton)
The pterion is the junction betwee which 4 cranial bones?
Frontal
Parietal
Temporal
Sphenoid
What features are distinct to the cervical vertebrae? (3)
- Bifid spinous process
- Triangular vertebral foramen
- Transverse foramina (holes in transverse processes)
What unique features are found in C1 (atlas)? (3)
- Two lateral masses that articulate with the occipital condyles
- No vertebral body
- No spinous process
What unique feature is found in C2 (axis)? (2)
- The dens/ odontoid process
extends from the anterior portion of the vertebra and up into the anterior arch of atlas
Name 2 foramina found in the anterior cranial fossa
- Greater palatine foramen
- Lesser palatine foramen
Name 5 foramina found in the middle cranial fossa
- Superior orbital fissure
- Foramen rotundum
- Foramen ovale
- External acoustic meatus
- Stylomastoid foramen
Name 4 foramina found in the posterior cranial fossa
- Jugular foramen
- Foramen magnum
- Internal acoustic meatus
- Hypoglossal canal
What are the 3 regions of the nose and nasal cavity?
- Nasal vestibules
- Respiratory regions of the nasal cavity
- Olfactory regions of the nasal cavity
What cell type makes up the mucosa of the nasal vestibules?
Stratified squamous epithelium
transition from keratinised skin to non-keratinised nasal cavity
What is the function of the nasal conchae?
Cause airflow to become turbulent which allows it to stay in the nasal cavity for longer before moving towards the lungs
The superior and middle conchae are projections of which cranial bone?
The ethmyoid bone
the inferior concha is its own bone
What is the sphenoethmoidal recess?
The space above the superior nasal concha, between the ethmoid and sphenoid bones
What is the... superior meatus middle meatus inferior meatus ?
Superior meatus: space between the superior and middle conchae
Middle meatus: space between the middle and inferior conchae
Inferior meatus: space between the inferior choncha and the floor of the nasal cavity
Name the 4 bilateral pairs of paranasal sinuses that communicate with the nasal cavity
- Frontal sinus
- Ethmoidal air cells
- Sphenoid sinus
- Maxillary sinus
The paranasal sinuses are lined with olfactory epithelium. T/F?
False
They are lined with respiratory epithelium
What are the 2 functions of the paranasal sinuses?
- Reduce the weight of the skull
- Assist with the resonance of the voice
Inflammation of the mucosa of the paranasal sinuses can lead to what condition?
Sinusitis
How might the paranasal sinuses be useful in surgery?
To gain access to deeper areas of the skull
What 5 structures drain into the nasal cavity?
- The 4 pairs of paranasal sinuses
- The nasolacrimal duct
What structure drains into the sphenoethmoidal recess?
The sphenoid sinus
What structure drains into the superior meatus?
The posterior ethmoidal air cells
What 4 structures drain into the middle meatus and through what 2 features do they drain?
Semilunar hiatus:
- Frontal sinus
- Maxillary sinus
- Anterior ethmoidal air cells
Ethmoidal bulla:
-Middle ethmoidal air cells
What structure drains into the inferior meatus?
The nasolacrimal duct
