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Health Assessment Exam 2 > Head, Face,Neck, Thorax & Abdomen > Flashcards

Head, Face,Neck, Thorax & Abdomen Flashcards

1
Q

When assessing someone’s thyroid gland, what’s the first assessment technique you should use?

A

Inspection

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2
Q

What is meant by the term tangential lighting?

A

shinning parallel to the surface

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3
Q

When palpating lymph nodes, use ______ pressure.

A

gental

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4
Q

Normal lymph nodes, when they are palpable, should feel ______, _______, ______, and _________.

A

movable
discrete
soft
non-tender

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5
Q

The conjunctiva should be ____ and the sclera should be _______.

A

clear

white

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6
Q

What are three normal variations you can sometimes see when inspecting the eyes of African American individuals?

A

gray-blue or “muddy” color
yellowish fatty deposits
small brown macule

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7
Q

What is the term for a yellowing of the sclera that indicates jaundice?

A

scleral icterus

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8
Q

What is the term for “pink eye”?

A

conjunctivitis

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9
Q

PERRL

A

Pupils, Equal, Round, React to Light

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10
Q

Most adults’ resting pupil size is ___ to ___mm.

A

3 to 5

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11
Q

Anisocoria

A

pupils of two different sizes

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12
Q

nystagmus

A

a fine oscillating movement best seen around the iris

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13
Q

When would nystagmus be normal?

A

at an extreme lateral gaze

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14
Q

If the reflection is not in the same spot, what does that mean?

A

asymmetry of the light reflex indicates deviation in alignment from eye muscle weakness or paralysis

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15
Q

What instrument do you need to check for a red reflex?

A

opthalmascope

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16
Q

If a person has difficulty hearing whispered words, what type of hearing loss are they likely suffering from?

A

high frequency

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17
Q

At what stage in the assessment should a child’s tympanic membranes be examined?

A

at the end

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18
Q

Before inserting the speculum in the ear of an infant or child less than three years, pull the pinna _________.

A

straight down

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19
Q

For an adult, pull the pinna _____.

A

up & back

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20
Q

Describe a normal TM.

A

pearly gray, shinny, translucent

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21
Q

When palpating the sinuses, what should the patient feel?

A

firm pressure but no pain

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22
Q

What are two reasons a person’s sinuses might be tender to palpitation?

A

chronic allergies

acute infection

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23
Q

What are some conditions which might cause unequal chest expansion?

A

marked atelectasis, lobar pneumonia, pleural effusion, thoracic trauma (fractured ribs or pneumothorax)

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24
Q

What does the word remits mean?

A

palpable vibration (generated by the larynx)

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25
Q

Which part of your hands should you use when assessing for vibration?

A 
palmar base (the ball) of the fingers
the ulnar edge of the hand
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26
Q

Why should you avoid assessing for vibration?

A

bone damps out sound transmission

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27
Q

If someone has lobar pneumonia, would you expect increased or decreased fremitus over that area?

A

increased

28
Q

If someone has a pneumothorax, would you expect increased or decreased fremitus over that area?

A

decrease

29
Q

What is the predominate percussion sound should expect to hear over the lungs field?

A

resonance

30
Q

What might an area of hyperresonance indicate?

A

too much air

31
Q

What might an area of dullness indicate

A 
abnormal density in the lungs
tumor
lung cancer
pneumonia 
pleural effusion
atelectasis
32
Q

Should you use the bell or the diaphragm of you stethoscope when auscultating lung sounds?

A

diaphragm

33
Q

How hard should your patent breathe during lung auscultation?

A

a little deeper than normal

34
Q

What should you do if your client has a particularly hairy chest?

A

press harder or wet hair with a damp cloth

35
Q

What is the name of the sound you should normally hear when auscultating peripheral lung fields?

A

vesicular

36
Q

When you lower auscultating

A

lower

37
Q

Where is S1 heard?

A

apex

38
Q

Where is S2 heard?

A

base

39
Q

What condition can displace the PMI down and/or to the left?

A

cardiac enlargement

40
Q

What are the two normal heart sounds you are supposed to hear?

A

S1 S2

41
Q

Why is it important to not press too firmly on the carotid arteries?

A

it will slow down the heart rate

42
Q

Why is it important to assess only one carotid artery at a time?

A

to avoid compromising arterial blood to the brain

43
Q

Which end piece of your stethoscope should you use when auscultating bowel sounds?

A

diaphragm

44
Q

Why is it important to auscultate the abdomen before percussing or palpating it?

A

can increase peristalsis / create sounds that weren’t there

45
Q

What might rebound tenderness indicate?

A

apendicitis

46
Q

After abdominal surgery, the best way to determine GI motility is to measure……

A

return of flatus & first postoperative bowel movement

47
Q

When auscultating the lungs, the examiner should remember to…

A

Auscultate lung sounds directly on the client’s skin w/ the diaphragm
Have the patient to breath through their mouth
Listen to one full inspiration & expiration before moving to the next site
Auscultate in a side-to-side pattern to compare
Listen to the front & backside of the patient

48
Q

Two main challenges w/ lung auscultation

A

1.Lung sounds can be difficult to hear.
Best heard 1,000 - 5,000 Hz
Normal lung sounds < 500 Hz
2. The sounds we are trying to hear are often very short.

49
Q

bronchial breath sounds

A

the sound air makes when flowing through a tube.
Relatively high pitch, which makes them easier to hear
The expiratory phase is long (at least as long as inspiration).
There’s a tiny gap b/w inspiration and expiration.

50
Q

Alveolar sacs

A

air filled sacs in the lungs

51
Q

vesicular breath sounds

A

Lower frequency, which makes them harder to hear
The expiratory phase is short
There is no silent pause

52
Q

Bronchial breath sounds are only ______ if heard over the neck.

A

normal

*They’re not supposed to be heard anywhere else.

53
Q

The normal chest is supposed to contain ______ _____ that transforms the sound into ______ breath sounds.

A

alveolar air, vesicular

54
Q

If you hear bronchial breath sounds over the lung fields, the _____ have either _______ or _______ w/ fluid (blood, puss, or pulmonary edema).

A

alveoli, collapsed, filled

55
Q

Crackles

A

Very important findings
discontinuous (very short) sounds
Taken together, crackers can have a long duration
Normally heard on inspiration

56
Q

Early inspiratory

A

Air flowing through large central bronchus covered in secretions
Bubbling noise
Possible: Bronchitis

57
Q

Mid Inspiratory

A

Inflamed, partially dilated medium sized bronchi

Possible: Bronchiectasis

58
Q

Late Inspiratory

A

Small, distal airways that are partially collapsed

Possible: Fluid, pulmonary fibrosis, pulmonary hemorrhage, pneumonia, pulmonary edema, heart failure (left side)

59
Q

Wheezes

A

high-pitche, typically expiratory, and longer
Air flows through narrow airway a suckling effect is created on the airway wall (airway flutter)
Inspiratory & expiratory or just expiratory

60
Q

Does narrowing of the airway necessarily mean that causes wheezing?

A

No. Its the speed of the air.

61
Q

Beware of the silent asthmatic

A

Asthmatics on the brink of respiratory failure might not wheeze
Not wheezing anymore may be a sign of the condition worsening

62
Q

Exhaling w/ too much force during lung auscultation may cause ______.

A

wheezing

63
Q

If you hear a wheezing type noise that is only on inspiration, you’re probably hearing _______.

A

stridor

64
Q

Stridor

A

the result of closing (adduction) of the vocal cords.

65
Q

Rhonchi

A 
Similar to wheezes
They are longer
Snoring quality to them
Often caused by thick secretions that narrow the airway 
Can diffuse but often localized
66
Q

A persistent ________ localized to a specific area can be a sign of neoplasm.

A

rhoncus

Health Assessment Exam 2 (2 decks)

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