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Domestic Animal Gross Anatomy > Head exam > Flashcards

Head exam Flashcards

1
Q

CN I

A

Olfactory Nerve - Special sense = olfaction

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2
Q

CN II

A

Optic Nerve - Special Sense = vision

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3
Q

CN III

A

Oculomotor - Motor,

Parasympathetic

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4
Q

CN IV

A

Trochlear - Motor

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5
Q

CN V

A

Trigeminal:
V1 = Opthalmic - General sensory
V2 = Maxillary - General sensory
V3 = Mandibular - General sensory and motor

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6
Q

CN VI

A

Abducent - Motor

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7
Q

CN VII

A

Facial Nerve - General sensory, special sense, motor and parasympathetic

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8
Q

CN VIII

A

Vestibulocochlear - Special sense

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9
Q

CN IX

A

Glossopharyngeal - General sensory, special sense, motor, parasympathetic

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10
Q

CN X

A

Vagus - General sensory, special sense, motor, parasympathetic

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11
Q

CN XI

A

Accessory - Motor

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12
Q

CN XII

A

Hypoglossal - Motor

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13
Q

Which nerve goes through the Cribiform Plate?

A

CN I (Olfactory)

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14
Q

CN II (Optic) goes through which foramen?

A

Optic Canal

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15
Q

CN III (Oculomotor), IV (Trochlear),V (V1 - Opthalmic), VI (Abducent) all go through the…?

A

Orbital Fissure

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16
Q

Which nerves go through the Internal Acoustic Meatus?

A

CN VII (Facial), VIII (Vestibulocochlear)

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17
Q

Which 3 nerves go through the Jugular Foramen -> Tympano-occipital fissure?

A

CN IX (Glossopharyngeal), X (Vagus), XI (Accessory)

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18
Q

Where does CN XII (Hypoglossal) go?

A

Hypoglossal canal

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19
Q

What is the function of the Vestibulocochlear nerve?

A

Vestibular and hearing

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20
Q

Facial nerve function?

A

Taste to rostral 2/3 of tongue

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21
Q

What nerve provides taste to the caudal 1/3 of the tongue?

A

Glossopharyngeal

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22
Q

Which nerve provides taste at the root of the tongue?

A

Vagus

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23
Q

Where does V2 (Maxillary) go?

A

Round foramen > Rostral Alar foramen

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24
Q

V3 (Mandibular) path?

A

Oval foramen

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25
Q

What bones make up the zygomatic arch?

A

Temporal bone, zygomatic bone, maxillary bone

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26
Q

Atlanto-occipital joint

A

Cranial articulate foveae of atlas, “yes”

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27
Q

Atlanto-axial joint

A

Caudal articular foveae of atlas, Cranial articular foveae of axis, “no”

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28
Q

Which are the muscles of mastication ?

A

Temporalis m., masseter m., digastricus m., lateral/medial pterygoid mm.

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29
Q

What are the muscles of mastication innervated by?

A

Mandibular nerve, and facial nerve (only caudal digastricus)

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30
Q

Muscles of facial expression?

A

Buccinator m., platysma m., orbicularis Oris m., orbicularis oculi m., levator nasolabialis m., zygomaticus m., frontalis m., rostral/caudal auricular mm.

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31
Q

Innervation of facial expression?

A

Facial nerve

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32
Q

Neuron

A

Nerve cell = cell body and cell process

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33
Q

Synapse

A

Connection between neurons

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34
Q

Ganglion

A

Neuronal cell bodies in PMS

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35
Q

Nerves

A

Axons/cell processes in PNS

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36
Q

Nucleus

A

Neuronal cell bodies in CNS

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37
Q

Tracts

A

Axons/processes in CNS

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38
Q

What is the name of the space in front of the teeth?

A

Vestibule

39
Q

What is the main mouth cavity called?

A

Oral cavity proper

40
Q

What ligament joints the cricoid cartilage to the thyroid cartilage?

A

Cricothyroid ligament

41
Q

Which cartilage runs between the cartilage and trachea?

A

Cricotracheal ligament

42
Q

What is the space between the 2 ligaments involved in vocalisation?

A

Laryngeal ventricle

43
Q

What suspends the larynx?

A

Thyrohyoid membrane

44
Q

What muscle does cranial laryngeal n. Innervate?

A

Cricothyroideus m.

45
Q

Neurocranium

A

Bones surrounding brain

46
Q

Name of the dividing line of the 2 hemispheres?

A

Longitudinal fissure

47
Q

Cerebral cortex

A

Perception, voluntary movement

48
Q

Brainstem function?

A

ANS, Arousal and sleep

49
Q

Cerebellum function?

A

Motor coordination, timing, planning

50
Q

Where is the vitreous chamber?

A

Behind the lens

51
Q

What sits infront of the iris?

A

Anterior chamber

52
Q

Behind the iris?

A

Posterior chamber

53
Q

Cornea

A

Has a hydrophobic layer, hydrophilic layer, then another hydrophobic layer in order to keep liquid inside the cornea but not let any escape. Should be clear, refractable and avascular

54
Q

Circular and straight muscles within the eyeball itself are innervates by what?

A

The oculomotor nerve (CN III)

55
Q

Inner ear?

A

Controls actual hearing/balance

56
Q

Where do the carotid arteries supply?

A

Common carotid becomes internal which goes to the brain, and external which goes to the rest of the head. Internal tends to branch off first

57
Q

External carotid a. Branches?

A

External carotid -> maxillary a -> infra orbital a.
External carotid -> lingual a (tongue)
External carotid -> facial a (most of face)
E.c. -> occipital

58
Q

What is the name of the dura that covers the hemispheres of the brain?

A

Falx cerebri

59
Q

Dura that covers the cerebellum?

A

Tentorium cerebelli

60
Q

How many glands are there in the head?

A

5 - Parotid, Mandibular, Sublingual and Zygomatic salivary glands and the Lacrimal gland.

61
Q

What are the lymph nodes in the head?

A

Parotid lymph node (in front of the parotid salivary gland), Mandibular Lymphocentre (Rostral to the Mandibular salivary gland) and the Retropharyngeal Lymphocentre (ventral to the parotid salivary).

62
Q

What are the spinal nerve functions?

A

Somatic - Motor to skeletal mm. and General sensory to skin.

Autonomic - Sympathetic, sweat glands, smooth mm., arrector pili mm.

63
Q

What are the cranial nerve functions?

A

The 5 senses
Somatic - Motor - head/neck, general sensory - skin of head
Autonomic - Parasympathetic, salivary/mucous/tear glands, smooth mm., cardiac mm.,

64
Q

Where are the motor cell bodies of each nerve found?

A 
Spinal = Ventral horn in CNS
Cranial = Nuclei found in the brainstem
65
Q

Where are the sensory cell bodies of each nerve type found?

A 
Spinal = Dorsal root ganglia in PNS
Cranial = Ganglia in PNS
66
Q

Where do they leave?

A 
Spinal = Intervertebral foramen
Cranial = Foramen in the skull
67
Q

What are the 4 cranial nerve functions?

A

General sensory, Special sensory, motor, Autonomic (Parasympathetic only)

68
Q

Which cranial nerves are involved in taste?

A

CN VII (facial), IX (Glossopharyngeal), X (Vagus)

69
Q

How many branches of the CN III (Oculomotor) are there?

A

2 - Dorsal - supplying the rectus mm., and the ventral oblique m. of the eye,
Ventral - goes to pupil via Long/short ciliary nn.

70
Q

How many branches of V1 (Ophthalmic)?

A

3 - Nasociliary n., Lacrimal n., and Frontal n.

(In eq, bov) - also supraorbital n.

71
Q

Branches of the V2 (Maxillary)?

A

3- 1 Before infraorbital: Zygomatic n. -> Facial branch and temporal branch
After infraorbital: Major/lesser Palatine nn., Caudal nasal n.

72
Q

Branches of the V3 (Mandibular)?

A

5 - Auriculotemporal n. which has a communicating branch with the facial n.,
Buccal n., and then one stem which breaks into 3 - Lingual n., Inferior Alveolar n., and Mylohyoid n. (Think B LIM)

73
Q

What are the modified tracheal rings of the larynx?

A

The cartilages - Thyroid, Cricoid, Arytenoid, Epiglottic

74
Q

What mm. does the caudal laryngeal n. innervate?

A

Dorsal/lateral Cricoarytenoid mm.

75
Q

What does the Vagus nerve branch into?

A

The cranial and recurrent laryngeal nn (which becomes caudal after the laryngeal mm.)

76
Q

What are the four extrinsic mm. of the Hyoid apparatus?

A
  1. Sternohyoid
  2. Thyrohyoid
  3. Mylohyoid
  4. Geniohyoid
77
Q

What does the auditory tube connect?

A

The nasopharynx to the middle ear

78
Q

What are the 4 constrictor mm. of the pharynx?

A
  1. Palatopharyngeus
  2. Hyopharyngeus
  3. Thyropharyngeus
  4. Cricopharyngeus
79
Q

What is the dilator m. of the pharynx?

A

Stylopharyngeus

80
Q

What produces the CSF?

A

75% - Choroid plexuses in the ventricles

81
Q

What aa. supply blood to the brain?

A

Vertebral aa. (from the Subclavian), Basilar a., and the Internal Carotid aa.

82
Q

Which arteries make up the cerebral arterial circle?

A

Rostral cerebral aa. (by the optic chiasm), middle cerebral aa., caudal communicating aa (make up the sides of the circle), caudal cerebral aa., and then rostral cerebellar aa. Basilar a feeds from the caudal portion.

83
Q

Nerve pathway in the head?

A

External Jugular -> Linguofacial -> Lingual (continues as facial)
External Jugular -> Maxillary

84
Q

Difference between carnivore and ruminant nasal sinuses?

A

Car. have only one opening into the nasal cavity for both the Maxillary and Frontal sinus whereas rum. have multiple openings.

85
Q

Equine Sinuses?

A

Frontal (beneath frontal bone), Nasal cavity (rostral to this) and the Maxillary sinus (below the nasal cavity).

86
Q

Tongue is innervated by what?

A

Motor - Hypoglossal (XII)
General Sensory - Mandibular (V3), Glossopharyngeal (IX), Vagus (X)
Taste - Facial (VII), Glossopharyngeal (IX), Vagus (X)

87
Q

What are lingual papilla and how are they different in cats?

A

Taste buds, and cats have Filiform papillae for grooming

88
Q

Brachyodont?

A

Short crowned teeth

89
Q

Hypsodont

A

High crowned teeth

90
Q

Rods vs Cones?

A 
Rods = black and white
Cones = colour
91
Q

Middle ear contains?

A

Auditory tube, Tympanic membrane (ear drum) - seperates internal and external ear, 3 ossicles

92
Q

What are the branches of the Facial N. (CN VII)

A
  1. Auriculopalpebral n. (goes to the caudal eye and rostral ear).
  2. Ventral/Dorsal buccal nn.
  3. Chorda Tympani n.
93
Q

What is the orbitorotundum?

A

It is a bovine feature composed of the orbital fissure and round foramen

94
Q

What is the foramen lacerum?

A

It is an equine feature composed of the Jugular foramen, carotid canal?, and oval foramen

Domestic Animal Gross Anatomy (1 decks)

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