Head and neck week 2

Question 1

What is the nose?

Answer 1

The nose is the first part of the respiratory tract

Question 2

What is the function of the nose?

Answer 2

1. Traps dirt 2. Respiration 3. Humidifying air 4. Olfaction (smell)

Question 3

What is the nose made up of?

Answer 3

It is made up of the external nose and the nasal cavity.

Question 4

What is the framework of external nose made up of and what extends from it?

Answer 4

The external nose has a bony framework from which the nasal and septal cartilages extend

Question 5

How is the nasal cavity divided?

Answer 5

The nasal cavity is divided into two parts by the midline nasal septum and continues posteriorly with the space of the nasopharynx.

Question 6

What does the palate form the floor of?

Answer 6

The palate forms the floor of the nasal cavity and separates it from the oral cavity.

Question 7

What is the palate made up of?

Answer 7

It is made of a vault-shaped bony palate anteriorly and posteriorly a soft palate that hangs between the nasopharynx and the oro-pharynx.

Question 8

What is the oral cavity the first part of?

Answer 8

The digestive system, separated from the nasal cavity above by the palate, and houses the tongue and salivary glands.

Question 9

What is the larynx?

Answer 9

The larynx (layman’s term - voicebox)

Question 10

What are the functions of the larynx?

Answer 10

that of an open valve in respiration, that of a partially closed valve whose orifice can be modulated in phonation, and that of a closed valve, protecting the trachea and bronchial tree during deglutition. Coughing is possible only when the larynx can be closed effectively.

Question 11

Label this diagram

Answer 11

Question 12

What is the pharynx?

Answer 12

The pharynx is a musculofascial tube, incomplete anteriorly, which extends from the base of the skull to the oesophagus and which acts as a common entrance to the respiratory and alimentary tracts.

Question 13

When is the pharynx important?

Answer 13

It is important in swallowing (to direct food into the oesophagus) and in breathing (to direct the air into the larynx).

Question 14

What are the three parts of the pharynx?

Answer 14

1 the nasopharynx – lying behind the nasal fossae and above the soft palate;

2 the oropharynx – lying behind the anterior pillars of the fauces;

3 the laryngopharynx – lying behind the larynx

Question 15

Where does the trachea begin?

Answer 15

The trachea begins from the lower border of the larynx – (lower border of the cricoid cartilage, C6 vertebra)

Question 16

What does the trachea lie anterior to?

Answer 16

Oesophagus

Question 17

Where does the oesophagus start?

Answer 17

The level of the C6 vertebra is also where the oesophagus starts from the lower part of the pharynx.

Question 18

With which bone do the nasal bones articulate superiorly at the nasion?

Answer 18

Ethmoid bone

Question 19

What articulates with the nasal bones laterally?

Answer 19

Frontal process of the maxilla

Question 20

What is present anteriorly from the margin of the nasal bones?

Answer 20

plates of cartilage

Question 21

Label the diagram of the lateral wall of the nasal cavity