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Netter Anatomy > Head and Neck - Skeletal System > Flashcards

Head and Neck - Skeletal System Flashcards

1
Q

1.

A
  1. frontal bone
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2
Q

2.

A
  1. supraorbital notch (foramen)
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3
Q

3.

A
  1. Nasal Bone
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4
Q

4.

A
  1. Lacrimal Bone
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5
Q

5.

A
  1. Zygomatic Bone
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6
Q

6.

A
  1. Infraorbital Foramen
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7
Q

7.

A
  1. Maxillary Bone
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8
Q

8.

A
  1. Mental Foramen
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9
Q

9.

A
  1. Mandible
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10
Q

10.

A
  1. Ethmoid Bone (Orbital Plate)
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11
Q

11.

A
  1. Sphenoid Bone
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12
Q

12.

A
  1. Temporal bone
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13
Q

13.

A
  1. Parietal Bone
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14
Q

what are the two general classes of skull bones?

A

Neurocranium - 8 bones that surround the brain

Viscerocranium - 14 bones that form the face

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15
Q

list the 8 bones of the neurocranium

A
  • frontal bone
  • parietal bones
  • occipital bone
  • ethmoid bones
  • sphenoid bones
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16
Q

Le Fort I

A

horizontal fracture detaching the maxilla along the nasal floor

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17
Q

Le Fort II

A

pyramidal fracture that includes both maxillae, nasal bones, infraorbital rims and orbital floors

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18
Q

Le Fort III

A

includes the Le Fort II fracture and both zygomatic bones, may cause airway obstruction, nasoacrimal obstruction, and cerebrospinal fluid leakage

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19
Q

what are midface fractures referred to as ?

A

le fort I, II, and III

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20
Q

1.2 - 1

A

parietal bone

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21
Q

1.2 - 2

A

Coronal suture

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22
Q

1.2 - 3

A

sphenoid bone

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23
Q

1.2 - 4

A

Lacrimal Bone

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24
Q

1.2 - 5

A
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25
Q

1.2 - 6

A

Zygomatic Bone

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26
Q

1.2 - 7

A

occipital bone (external occipital protuberance )

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27
Q

1.2 - 8

A

Lamboid Suture

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28
Q

1.2 - 9

A

Temporal Bone (Squamous part, Zygomatic process, external acoustic meatus, mastoid process)

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29
Q

pterion

A

the site of union of the frontal, parietal, sphenoid and temporal bones - a blow to the head or a skull fracture in this region is dangerous because the bone at this site is thing and the middle meningeal artery, supplying the dural covering of the brain, lies just deep to this area.

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30
Q

asterion

A

the site of union of the temporal, parietal and occipital bones

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31
Q

1.2 - linear skull fracture

A

fracture with a distinct fracture line

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32
Q

1.2 - comminuted skull fracture

A

fracture with multiple bone bragments (fragments are depressed if driven inwardly and can tear the dura mater)

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33
Q

1.2 - diastasic skull fracture

A

fracture along a suture line

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34
Q

1.2 - basilar skull fracture

A

fracture along the base of the skull

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35
Q

what is the cause of a epidural hematoma

A

a blow to the pterion which tears the middle meningeal arteries causing bleeding inbetween the periosteal layer of dura and the overlying bone

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36
Q

1.3 - 1

A

sphenoid bone

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37
Q

1.3 - 2

A

frontal bone

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38
Q

1.3 - 3

A

ethmoid bone (frontal sinus)

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39
Q

1.3 - 4

A

maxillary bone (incisive canal, palatine process)

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40
Q

1.3 - 5

A

vomer

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41
Q

1.3 - 6

A

palatine bone

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42
Q

1.3 - 7

A

occipital bone

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43
Q

1.3 - 8

A

temporal bone (squamous part, petrous part )

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44
Q

1.3 - 9

A

parietal bone

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45
Q

which bones form the nasal septum

A

the perpendicular plate of the ethmoid bone, the vomer, the palantine bones and the septal cartilages

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46
Q

in which bone houses the middle and inner ear cavities and the vestibular system

A

petrous portion of the temporal bone

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47
Q

1.4 - 1

A

frontal bone

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48
Q

1.4 - 2

A

nasal bone

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49
Q

1.4 - 3

A

major alar cartilage

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50
Q

1.4 - 4

A

maxillary bone

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51
Q

1.4 - 5

A

inferior nasal concha

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52
Q

1.4 - 6

A

palatine bone (perpendicular and horizontal plates)

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53
Q

1.4 - 7

A

sphenoid bone (sphenoidal sinus, medial and lateral plates of pterygoid process)

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54
Q

1.4 - 8

A

ethmoid bone

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55
Q

1.4 - 9

A

lacrimal bone

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56
Q

conchae

A

projections of the ethmoid bones which are called turbinates when covered in mucosa

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57
Q

which bones form the hard palate

A

palatine process of the maxillae and the horizontal plates of the palatine bones

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58
Q

where does the pituitary gland lie

A

hypophyseal fossa

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59
Q

what is the surgical approach for the removal of a pituitary tumor

A

through nasal cavity, by passing through the nasal cavity by passing through the phenoidal sinus and directly emntering the hypophosseal fossa

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60
Q

1.5 - 1

A

maxillary bone

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61
Q

1.5 - 2

A

zygomatic bone

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62
Q

1.5 - 3

A

sphenoid bone

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63
Q

1.5 - 4

A

temporal bone

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64
Q

1.5 - 5

A

parietal bone

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65
Q

1.5 - 6

A

occiptal bone

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66
Q

1.5 - 7

A

vomer

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67
Q

1.5 - 8

A

palatine bone

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68
Q

what is the largest foramen of the skull?

A

foramen magnum

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69
Q

1.6 - 1

A

foramina of cribiform plate (olfactory nerve bundles )

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70
Q

1.6 - 2

A

optic canal

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71
Q

1.6 - 3

A

suoerior orbital fissure

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72
Q

1.6 - 4

A

foramen rotundum

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73
Q

what passes through the optic canal?

A
  • CN II, optic nerve
  • ophthalmic artery
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74
Q

what passes through the superior orbital fissure

A
  • CN III, oculomotor nerve
  • CN IV, trochlear nerve
  • CN V branch 1, Ophthalmic nerve
  • CN VI, Abducens nerve
  • superior ophthalmic vein
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75
Q

what passes through the foramen rotundum

A

CN V2, maxillary nerve

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76
Q

what passes through the foramen ovale

A
  • CN V3, mandibular nerve
  • accessory meningeal artery
  • lesser petrosal nerve
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77
Q

what passes through the foramen spinosum

A
  • middle meningeal artery and vein
  • meningeal branch of mandibular nerve
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78
Q

what passes through the foramen lacerum

A

greater petrosal nerve

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79
Q

what passes through the carotid canal

A
  • internal carotid artery
  • internal carotid nerve plexus
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80
Q

1.6 - 5

A

foramen ovale

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81
Q

1.6 - 6

A

foramen spinosum

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82
Q

1.6 - 7

A

foramen lacerum

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83
Q

1.6 - 8

A

carotid canal

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84
Q

1.6 - 9

A

internal acoustic meatus

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85
Q

1.6 - 10

A

jugular foramen

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86
Q

1.6 - 11

A

hypoglossal canal

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87
Q

1.6 - 12

A

foramen magnum

88
Q

what passes through the internal acoustic meatus

A
  • CN VII, favial nerve
  • CN VIII, vestibulocochlear
  • labyrinthine artery
89
Q

what passes through the jugular foramen

A
  • inferior petrosal venous sinus
  • CN VIII, glossopharyngeal nerve
  • CN X, vagus nerve
  • CN XI, accessory nerve
  • posterior meningeal artery
  • sigmoid venous sinus
90
Q

what passes through the hypoglossal canal

A

CN XII, hypoglossal nerve

91
Q

what passes through the foramen magnum

A
  • medulla oblongata,
  • meninges
  • vertebral artery
  • meningeal branches of vertebral arteries
  • spinal roots of accessory nerves
92
Q

1.7 - 1

A

condylar process

93
Q

1.7 - 2

A

coronoid process

94
Q

1.7 - 3

A

submandibular fossa

95
Q

1.7 - 4

A

mylohyoid line

96
Q

1.7 - 5

A

mental foramen

97
Q

1.7 - 6

A

mental protuberance

98
Q

1.7 - 7

A

body

99
Q

1.7 - 8

A

ramus

100
Q

1.7 - 9

A

mandibular notch

101
Q

what passes through the mandibular foramen

A

inferior alveolar neurovascular bundle passes through the mandibular foramen, it innervates the mandibular teeth and supplies them with blood

102
Q

with which cranial bone does the condylar process articulate with?

A
  • temporal bone, forming the temporomandibular joint
103
Q

1.8 - 1

A

condylar process

104
Q

1.8 - 2

A

neck

105
Q

1.8 - 3

A

pterygoid fovea

106
Q

1.8 - 4

A

mandibular foramen

107
Q

1.8 - 5

A

mylohyoid groove

108
Q

1.8 - 6

A

submandibular fossa

109
Q

1.8 - 7

A

mylohyoid line

110
Q

1.8 - 8

A

sublingual fossa

111
Q

1.8 - 9

A

mental spines (genial tubercles)

112
Q

1.8 - 10

A

lingula

113
Q

1.8 - 11

A

mandibular notch

114
Q

1.8 - 12

A

coronoid process

115
Q

landmark top administer anesthesia in dental work in order to anesthetoze the inferior alveolar nerve and the lingual nerve?

A

pterygomandibular space proximal to the mandibular foramen

116
Q

what does the lingual nerve innervate?

A
  • epithelium of the anterior two-thirs of the tongue
  • lingual gums
117
Q

1.9 - 1

A

joint capsule

118
Q

1.9 - 2

A

lateral (temporomandibular) ligament

119
Q

1.9 - 3

A

sphenomandibular ligament

120
Q

1.9 - 4

A

stylomandibular ligament

121
Q

1.9 - 5

A

mandibular fossa

122
Q

1.9 - 6

A

articular disc

123
Q

1.9 - 7

A

articular tubercle

124
Q

1.9 - 8

A

joint capsule

125
Q

bruxism

A

grinding of teeth

126
Q

1.10 - 1

A

incisive fossa

127
Q

1.10 - 2

A

palatine process of the maxillary bone

128
Q

1.10 - 3

A

horizontal plate of palatine bone

129
Q

1.10 - 4

A

greater and lesser palatine foramine

130
Q

1.10 - 5

A

central incisor

131
Q

1.10 - 6

A

lateral incisor

132
Q

1.10 - 7

A

canine

133
Q

1.10 - 8

A

1st premolar

134
Q

1.10 - 9

A

2nd premolar

135
Q

1.10 - 10

A

1st molar

136
Q

1.10 - 11

A

2nd molar

137
Q

1.10 - 12

A

3rd molar

138
Q

how many adult teeth

A

32

139
Q

what innervates the maxillary teeth

A

maxillary nerve CN V2

140
Q

mandibular teeth are innervated by

A

CN V3 - mandibular nerve

141
Q

1.11 - 1

A

crown

142
Q

1.11 - 2

A

neck

143
Q

1.11 - 3

A

root

144
Q

1.11 - 4

A

enamel aka substantia adamantina

145
Q

1.11 - 5

A

dentine and dentinal tubules aka substantia eburnea

146
Q

11.1 - 6

A

dental pulp containing vessels and nerves

147
Q

11.1 - 7

A

gingival epithelium

148
Q

11.1 - 8

A

peridontium

149
Q

11.1 - 9

A

cement

150
Q

1.11 - 10

A

root canals containing vessels and nerves

151
Q

1.11 - 11

A

apical foramina

152
Q

1.12 - 1

A

articular facet for dens

153
Q

1.12 - 2

A

anterior tubercle

154
Q

1.12 - 3

A

anterior arch

155
Q

1.12 - 4

A

transverse process

156
Q

1.12 - 5

A

superior articular surface of lateral mass for occipital condyle

157
Q

1.12 - 6

A

groove for vertebral artery

158
Q

1.12 - 7

A

posterior arch

159
Q

1.12 - 8

A

transverse foramen

160
Q

1.12 - 9

A

anterior arch

161
Q

1.12 - 10

A

inferior articular surface of lateral mass for axis

162
Q

1.12 - 11

A

spinous process

163
Q

1.12 - 12

A

superior articular facet for atlas

164
Q

1.12 - 13

A

dens

165
Q

1.12 - 14

A

body

166
Q

1.12 - 15

A

superior articular facet for atlas

167
Q

1.12 - 16

A

pedicle

168
Q

what is the first cervical vertebrae

A

atlas

169
Q

2nd cervical vertebrae

A

axis

170
Q

dens

A

aka odontoid process - on the axis, articulates with the anterior arch of the atlas, providing a pivot about which the atlas and head can rotate

171
Q

jefferson fraction

A

Jefferson fracture is the eponymous name given to a burst fracture of the atlas.

172
Q

hangman fracture

A

The hangman’s fracture refers to a break in a bone known as C2, because it is the second bone down from the skull in your cervical (neck) vertebrae. A fracture can be a partial or complete break in a bone. The injury can also cause the C2 to move out of alignment with the bone right below it, known as the C3.

173
Q

1.13 - 1

A

posterior atlantoocciptal membrane

174
Q

1.13 - 2

A

capsule of atlantooccipital joint

175
Q

1.13 - 3

A

transverse process of atlas (C1)

176
Q

1.13 - 4

A

capsule of lateral atlantoaxial joint

177
Q

1.13 - 5

A

ligamenta flava

178
Q

1.13 - 6

A

capsule of atlantoccipital joint

179
Q

1.13 - 7

A

posterior atlantoccipital membrane

180
Q

1.13 - 8

A

ligamenta flava

181
Q

1.13 - 9

A

nuchal ligament

182
Q

1.13 - 10

A

spinous process of C7 vertebra (vertebra promines)

183
Q

1.13 - 11

A

spinous process of T1 vertebra

184
Q

1.13 - 12

A

T1 vertebra

185
Q

1.13 - 13

A

vertebral artery

186
Q

1.13 - 14

A

anterior longitudinal ligament

187
Q

how many cervical vertebrae?

A

7

188
Q

1.14 - 1

A

capsule of atlantoccipital joint

189
Q

1.14 - 2

A

capsule of lateral atlantoaxial joint

190
Q

1.14 - 3

A

capsule of zygapophysial joint (C2-C3)

191
Q

1.14 - 4

A

tectorial membrane

192
Q

1.14 - 5

A

posterior longitudinal ligament

193
Q

1.14 - 6

A

alar ligaments

194
Q

1.14 - 7

A

atlas (C1)

195
Q

1.14 - 8

A

Axis (C2)

196
Q

1.14 - 9

A

cruciate ligament

197
Q

what is the most common form of arthritis

A

osteoarthritis

198
Q

1.15 - 1

A

epiglottis

199
Q

1.15 - 2

A

hyoid bone

200
Q

1.15 - 3

A

thytrohyoid membrane

201
Q

1.15 - 4

A

arytenoid cartilage

202
Q

1.15 - 5

A

thyroid cartilage lamina

203
Q

1.15 - 6

A

vocal ligament

204
Q

1.15 - 7

A

median cricothyroid ligament

205
Q

1.15 - 8

A

cricoid cartilage

206
Q

1.15 - 9

A

trachea

207
Q

cuneiform cartilages

A

In the human larynx, the cuneiform cartilages (from Latin: cunei, “wedge-shaped”; also known as cartilages of Wrisberg) are two small, elongated pieces of yellow elastic cartilage, placed one on either side, in the aryepiglottic fold. The cuneiforms are paired cartilages that sit on top of and move with the arytenoids.

208
Q

what structure creates the adams apple

A

thyroid cartilage

209
Q

1.16 - 1

A

malleus

210
Q

1.16 - 2

A

handle of malleus

211
Q

1.16 - 3

A

stapes

212
Q

1.16 - 4

A

base of stapes - footplate

213
Q

1.16 - 5

A

lenticular process of incus

214
Q

1.16 - 6

A

incus

215
Q

sensorineural hearing loss vs conductive hearing loss

A
  • sensorineural hearing loss: involves cochlea or vestibularcochlear nerve (CN VIII)
  • conductive hearing loss: disorder of the external or middle ear, often involving the tympanic membrane and or the ossicles
216
Q

ossicles

A

a very small bone, especially one of those in the middle ear.

Netter Anatomy (3 decks)

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