Head and Neck - Skeletal System Flashcards
1.

- frontal bone
2.

- supraorbital notch (foramen)
3.

- Nasal Bone
4.

- Lacrimal Bone
5.

- Zygomatic Bone
6.

- Infraorbital Foramen
7.

- Maxillary Bone
8.

- Mental Foramen
9.

- Mandible
10.

- Ethmoid Bone (Orbital Plate)
11.

- Sphenoid Bone
12.

- Temporal bone
13.

- Parietal Bone
what are the two general classes of skull bones?
Neurocranium - 8 bones that surround the brain
Viscerocranium - 14 bones that form the face
list the 8 bones of the neurocranium
- frontal bone
- parietal bones
- occipital bone
- ethmoid bones
- sphenoid bones
Le Fort I
horizontal fracture detaching the maxilla along the nasal floor

Le Fort II
pyramidal fracture that includes both maxillae, nasal bones, infraorbital rims and orbital floors

Le Fort III
includes the Le Fort II fracture and both zygomatic bones, may cause airway obstruction, nasoacrimal obstruction, and cerebrospinal fluid leakage

what are midface fractures referred to as ?
le fort I, II, and III
1.2 - 1

parietal bone
1.2 - 2

Coronal suture
1.2 - 3

sphenoid bone
1.2 - 4

Lacrimal Bone
1.2 - 5

1.2 - 6

Zygomatic Bone
1.2 - 7
occipital bone (external occipital protuberance )
1.2 - 8
Lamboid Suture
1.2 - 9
Temporal Bone (Squamous part, Zygomatic process, external acoustic meatus, mastoid process)
pterion
the site of union of the frontal, parietal, sphenoid and temporal bones - a blow to the head or a skull fracture in this region is dangerous because the bone at this site is thing and the middle meningeal artery, supplying the dural covering of the brain, lies just deep to this area.

asterion
the site of union of the temporal, parietal and occipital bones

1.2 - linear skull fracture
fracture with a distinct fracture line
1.2 - comminuted skull fracture
fracture with multiple bone bragments (fragments are depressed if driven inwardly and can tear the dura mater)
1.2 - diastasic skull fracture
fracture along a suture line
1.2 - basilar skull fracture
fracture along the base of the skull
what is the cause of a epidural hematoma
a blow to the pterion which tears the middle meningeal arteries causing bleeding inbetween the periosteal layer of dura and the overlying bone
1.3 - 1
sphenoid bone
1.3 - 2
frontal bone
1.3 - 3
ethmoid bone (frontal sinus)
1.3 - 4
maxillary bone (incisive canal, palatine process)
1.3 - 5
vomer
1.3 - 6
palatine bone
1.3 - 7
occipital bone
1.3 - 8
temporal bone (squamous part, petrous part )
1.3 - 9
parietal bone
which bones form the nasal septum
the perpendicular plate of the ethmoid bone, the vomer, the palantine bones and the septal cartilages
in which bone houses the middle and inner ear cavities and the vestibular system
petrous portion of the temporal bone
1.4 - 1
frontal bone
1.4 - 2
nasal bone
1.4 - 3
major alar cartilage
1.4 - 4
maxillary bone
1.4 - 5
inferior nasal concha
1.4 - 6
palatine bone (perpendicular and horizontal plates)
1.4 - 7
sphenoid bone (sphenoidal sinus, medial and lateral plates of pterygoid process)
1.4 - 8
ethmoid bone
1.4 - 9
lacrimal bone
conchae
projections of the ethmoid bones which are called turbinates when covered in mucosa
which bones form the hard palate
palatine process of the maxillae and the horizontal plates of the palatine bones
where does the pituitary gland lie
hypophyseal fossa
what is the surgical approach for the removal of a pituitary tumor
through nasal cavity, by passing through the nasal cavity by passing through the phenoidal sinus and directly emntering the hypophosseal fossa
1.5 - 1
maxillary bone
1.5 - 2
zygomatic bone
1.5 - 3
sphenoid bone
1.5 - 4
temporal bone
1.5 - 5
parietal bone
1.5 - 6
occiptal bone
1.5 - 7
vomer
1.5 - 8
palatine bone
what is the largest foramen of the skull?
foramen magnum

1.6 - 1
foramina of cribiform plate (olfactory nerve bundles )
1.6 - 2
optic canal
1.6 - 3
suoerior orbital fissure
1.6 - 4
foramen rotundum
what passes through the optic canal?
- CN II, optic nerve
- ophthalmic artery
what passes through the superior orbital fissure
- CN III, oculomotor nerve
- CN IV, trochlear nerve
- CN V branch 1, Ophthalmic nerve
- CN VI, Abducens nerve
- superior ophthalmic vein
what passes through the foramen rotundum
CN V2, maxillary nerve
what passes through the foramen ovale
- CN V3, mandibular nerve
- accessory meningeal artery
- lesser petrosal nerve
what passes through the foramen spinosum
- middle meningeal artery and vein
- meningeal branch of mandibular nerve
what passes through the foramen lacerum
greater petrosal nerve
what passes through the carotid canal
- internal carotid artery
- internal carotid nerve plexus
1.6 - 5
foramen ovale
1.6 - 6
foramen spinosum
1.6 - 7
foramen lacerum
1.6 - 8
carotid canal
1.6 - 9
internal acoustic meatus
1.6 - 10
jugular foramen
1.6 - 11
hypoglossal canal
1.6 - 12
foramen magnum
what passes through the internal acoustic meatus
- CN VII, favial nerve
- CN VIII, vestibulocochlear
- labyrinthine artery
what passes through the jugular foramen
- inferior petrosal venous sinus
- CN VIII, glossopharyngeal nerve
- CN X, vagus nerve
- CN XI, accessory nerve
- posterior meningeal artery
- sigmoid venous sinus
what passes through the hypoglossal canal
CN XII, hypoglossal nerve
what passes through the foramen magnum
- medulla oblongata,
- meninges
- vertebral artery
- meningeal branches of vertebral arteries
- spinal roots of accessory nerves
1.7 - 1
condylar process
1.7 - 2
coronoid process
1.7 - 3
submandibular fossa
1.7 - 4
mylohyoid line
1.7 - 5
mental foramen
1.7 - 6
mental protuberance
1.7 - 7
body
1.7 - 8
ramus
1.7 - 9
mandibular notch
what passes through the mandibular foramen
inferior alveolar neurovascular bundle passes through the mandibular foramen, it innervates the mandibular teeth and supplies them with blood
with which cranial bone does the condylar process articulate with?
- temporal bone, forming the temporomandibular joint
1.8 - 1
condylar process
1.8 - 2
neck
1.8 - 3
pterygoid fovea
1.8 - 4
mandibular foramen
1.8 - 5
mylohyoid groove
1.8 - 6
submandibular fossa
1.8 - 7
mylohyoid line
1.8 - 8
sublingual fossa
1.8 - 9
mental spines (genial tubercles)
1.8 - 10
lingula
1.8 - 11
mandibular notch
1.8 - 12
coronoid process
landmark top administer anesthesia in dental work in order to anesthetoze the inferior alveolar nerve and the lingual nerve?
pterygomandibular space proximal to the mandibular foramen
what does the lingual nerve innervate?
- epithelium of the anterior two-thirs of the tongue
- lingual gums
1.9 - 1
joint capsule
1.9 - 2
lateral (temporomandibular) ligament
1.9 - 3
sphenomandibular ligament
1.9 - 4
stylomandibular ligament
1.9 - 5
mandibular fossa
1.9 - 6
articular disc
1.9 - 7
articular tubercle
1.9 - 8
joint capsule
bruxism
grinding of teeth
1.10 - 1
incisive fossa
1.10 - 2
palatine process of the maxillary bone
1.10 - 3
horizontal plate of palatine bone
1.10 - 4
greater and lesser palatine foramine
1.10 - 5
central incisor
1.10 - 6
lateral incisor
1.10 - 7
canine
1.10 - 8
1st premolar
1.10 - 9
2nd premolar
1.10 - 10
1st molar
1.10 - 11
2nd molar
1.10 - 12
3rd molar
how many adult teeth
32
what innervates the maxillary teeth
maxillary nerve CN V2
mandibular teeth are innervated by
CN V3 - mandibular nerve
1.11 - 1
crown
1.11 - 2
neck
1.11 - 3
root
1.11 - 4
enamel aka substantia adamantina
1.11 - 5
dentine and dentinal tubules aka substantia eburnea
11.1 - 6
dental pulp containing vessels and nerves
11.1 - 7
gingival epithelium
11.1 - 8
peridontium
11.1 - 9
cement
1.11 - 10
root canals containing vessels and nerves
1.11 - 11
apical foramina
1.12 - 1
articular facet for dens
1.12 - 2
anterior tubercle
1.12 - 3
anterior arch
1.12 - 4
transverse process
1.12 - 5
superior articular surface of lateral mass for occipital condyle
1.12 - 6
groove for vertebral artery
1.12 - 7
posterior arch
1.12 - 8
transverse foramen
1.12 - 9
anterior arch
1.12 - 10
inferior articular surface of lateral mass for axis
1.12 - 11
spinous process
1.12 - 12
superior articular facet for atlas
1.12 - 13
dens
1.12 - 14
body
1.12 - 15
superior articular facet for atlas
1.12 - 16
pedicle
what is the first cervical vertebrae
atlas
2nd cervical vertebrae
axis
dens
aka odontoid process - on the axis, articulates with the anterior arch of the atlas, providing a pivot about which the atlas and head can rotate
jefferson fraction
Jefferson fracture is the eponymous name given to a burst fracture of the atlas.

hangman fracture
The hangman’s fracture refers to a break in a bone known as C2, because it is the second bone down from the skull in your cervical (neck) vertebrae. A fracture can be a partial or complete break in a bone. The injury can also cause the C2 to move out of alignment with the bone right below it, known as the C3.

1.13 - 1
posterior atlantoocciptal membrane
1.13 - 2
capsule of atlantooccipital joint
1.13 - 3
transverse process of atlas (C1)
1.13 - 4
capsule of lateral atlantoaxial joint
1.13 - 5
ligamenta flava
1.13 - 6
capsule of atlantoccipital joint
1.13 - 7
posterior atlantoccipital membrane
1.13 - 8
ligamenta flava
1.13 - 9
nuchal ligament
1.13 - 10
spinous process of C7 vertebra (vertebra promines)
1.13 - 11
spinous process of T1 vertebra
1.13 - 12
T1 vertebra
1.13 - 13
vertebral artery
1.13 - 14
anterior longitudinal ligament
how many cervical vertebrae?
7
1.14 - 1
capsule of atlantoccipital joint
1.14 - 2
capsule of lateral atlantoaxial joint
1.14 - 3
capsule of zygapophysial joint (C2-C3)
1.14 - 4
tectorial membrane
1.14 - 5
posterior longitudinal ligament
1.14 - 6
alar ligaments
1.14 - 7
atlas (C1)
1.14 - 8
Axis (C2)
1.14 - 9
cruciate ligament
what is the most common form of arthritis
osteoarthritis
1.15 - 1
epiglottis
1.15 - 2
hyoid bone
1.15 - 3
thytrohyoid membrane
1.15 - 4
arytenoid cartilage
1.15 - 5
thyroid cartilage lamina
1.15 - 6
vocal ligament
1.15 - 7
median cricothyroid ligament
1.15 - 8
cricoid cartilage
1.15 - 9
trachea
cuneiform cartilages
In the human larynx, the cuneiform cartilages (from Latin: cunei, “wedge-shaped”; also known as cartilages of Wrisberg) are two small, elongated pieces of yellow elastic cartilage, placed one on either side, in the aryepiglottic fold. The cuneiforms are paired cartilages that sit on top of and move with the arytenoids.

what structure creates the adams apple
thyroid cartilage
1.16 - 1
malleus
1.16 - 2
handle of malleus
1.16 - 3
stapes
1.16 - 4
base of stapes - footplate
1.16 - 5
lenticular process of incus
1.16 - 6
incus
sensorineural hearing loss vs conductive hearing loss
- sensorineural hearing loss: involves cochlea or vestibularcochlear nerve (CN VIII)
- conductive hearing loss: disorder of the external or middle ear, often involving the tympanic membrane and or the ossicles
ossicles
a very small bone, especially one of those in the middle ear.