Head and Neck (MAINLY CRANIUM) p.30 Rohen

Question 0

What are the layers of the deep cervical fascia (5)?

Answer 0

1. ) Investing
2. ) Middle
3. ) Visceral –> a.) Pretracheal (anteriorly) b.) Retrovisceral (posteriorly)
4. ) Alar
5. ) Prevertebral

Question 1

Name the extra-ocular muscles (7) with innervation and main action(s).

Answer 1

p. 900 Moore
1. ) Superior oblique: CN IV (trochlear). Responsible for ABduction, depression, and medial rotation (INTORSION).

2. ) Inferior oblique: CN III (oculomotor). Responsible for ABduction, elevation, and lateral rotation (EXTORSION).
3. ) Levator palpebrae superioris: CN III (oculomotor). Elevates superior eyelid.
4. ) Superior rectus: CN III. Elevates, adducts, and medially rotates eyeball (INTORSION).
5. ) Inferior rectus: CN III. Depresses, adducts, and laterally rotates eyeball (EXTORSION).
6. ) Medial rectus: CN III. ADduction of eyeball.
7. ) Lateral rectus: CN VI (abducent). ABducts eyeball.

Question 2

What muscles, glands, and anatomical spaces does the investing layer of the deep cervical fascia enclose?

Answer 2

1. ) Muscles: Sternocleidomastoid (anteriorly and posteriorly), trapezius (anteriorly and posteriorly).
2. ) Glands: Submandibular gland, parotid gland.
3. ) Spaces: Posterior and anterior triangle.

Question 3

Where does the investing layer split into two? What space does it create at that point? What does it enclose after that point?

Answer 3

It splits just above the sternum around the ANTERIOR and POSTERIOR surfaces of the manubrium forming the SUPRASTERNAL SPACE. It contains/encloses the anterior jugular veins.

Question 4

What structure(s) lie within the optic canal (2) and where is this foramina/aperture located (e.g. frontal, parietal, ethmoid, etc.)?

Answer 4

Optic nerves (CN II) and ophthalmic arteries...Sphenoid
pp.833-834 Moore's

Question 5

What structure(s) pass through the superior orbital fissure (6)?

Answer 5

Ophthalmic veins, ophthalmic nerve (CN V1), CN III, IV, and VI, and sympathetic fibers…Sphenoid
pp.833-34 Moore

Question 6

What structure(s) pass through the foramen rotundum?

Answer 6

Maxillary nerve CN V2…Sphenoid

Question 7

What structure(s) pass through the foramen ovale?

Answer 7

Mandibular nerve CN V3 and accessory meningeal artery…Sphenoid

Question 8

What structure(s) pass through the foramen spinosum

Answer 8

Middle meningeal artery and vein and meningeal branch of CN V3…Sphenoid, forms crescent of four foramina

Question 9

What structure(s) pass through the foramen lacerum?

Answer 9

Deep petrosal nerve and some meningeal arterial branches and small veins..found at junction of sphenoid, temporal, and occipital.

Question 10

What structure(s) pass through the groove/hiatus of greater petrosal nerve?

Answer 10

Greater petrosal nerve and petrosal branch of middle meningeal artery…temporal

Question 11

What structure(s) pass through the foramen magnum (6)?

Answer 11

Medulla and meninges, vertebral arteries, CN XI, dural veins, anterior and posterior spinal arteries…occipital

Question 12

What structure(s) pass through the jugular foramen (8)?

Answer 12

CN IX, X, XI; superior bulb of internal jugular vein, inferior petrosal and sigmoid sinuses, and meningeal branches of ascending pharyngeal and occipital arteries…parietal

Question 13

What structure(s) pass through the hypoglossal canal?

Answer 13

Hypoglossal nerve CN XII…occipital

Question 14

What structure(s) pass through the condylar canal

Answer 14

Emissary vein that passes from sigmoid sinus to vertebral veins in neck…occipital

Question 15

What structure(s) pass through the mastoid foramen (2)?

Answer 15

Mastoid emissary vein from sigmoid sinus and meningeal branch of occipital artery…temporal

Question 16

What structure(s) pass through the stylomastoid foramen?

Answer 16

Facial nerve and stylomastoid artery.

Question 17

1. ) What structure(s) pass through the cavernous sinuses (lateral wall superior to inferior, and middle)?
2. ) Trace the path of drainage from the cavernous sinus

Answer 17

1. ) Lateral wall: CN III, IV, V1, V2. Middle: Internal carotid artery, CN VI.
2. ) Cavernous sinus –> Superior and inferior petrosal sinuses –> Jugular vein via sigmoid sinus. Also drains emissary vein to pterygoid plexus.

Question 18

Which nerves pass through the internal acoustic/auditory meatus? What would be the result of an injury to this region?

Answer 18

CN VIII (enters), CN VII (enters): Injury to this region will cause facial motor loss (VII), with hearing loss and vertigo (VIII).