Head and Neck dissection Flashcards
Which bones make up the cranial base?
The ethmoid, sphenoid, occipital, frontal, parietal and temporal bones.
What bone makes up the cribriform plate?
Ethmoid bone
Which nerve tract passes through the cribriform plate?
Olfactory tract, they support the olfactory bulb
What is found within the anterior cranial fossa?
Anteroinferior portions of the frontal lobe
What is found in between the cribriform plates?
Crista galli, in midline of ethmoid
What attaches to the anterior clinoid process?
Tentorium cerebelli
What is the tentorium cerebelli?
A sheet of dura that separates the cerebrum from cerebellum
What separates the anterior and middle cranial fossae?
Lesser wing of sphenoid
What foramina are found within the cribriform plate?
Formina for olfactory nerve (CN I) into nasal cavity
Anterior ethmoidal foramen: anterior ethmoidal a, n, v
Posterior ethmoidal foramen: posterior ethmoidal a, n, v
What is anosmia?
Loss of sense of smell
What cranial foramina does CN I pass through?
Cribriform plate
What cranial foramina does CN II pass through?
Optic canal, ophthalmic artery also passes through
What structures pass through the superior orbital fissure?
CN V1 ophtalmic nerve CN III occulomotor nerve CN IV tochlear nerve CN VI abducens nerve Lacrimal vein Superior and inferior opthalmic veins
What structure pass through the foramen rotundum?
CN V2 maxillary nerve
What structure pass through the foramen ovale?
CN V3 mandibular nerve
Accessory meningeal artery
What structure pass through the internal acoustic meatus?
CN VII facial nerve
CN VIII vestibulocochlear
What structure pass through the jugular foramen ?
Inferior petrosal sinus CN IX Glossopharangeal nerve CN X Vagus nerve CN XI cranial part of accessory nerve Sigmoid sinus
What cranial foramen does the hypoglossal nerve pass through?
Hypoglossal canal in occipital bone
What structures pass through foramen magnum?
Medulla Meninges Vertebral arteies Anterior and posterior spinal arteries Dural veins Spinal division of accessory nerve
What structures pass through the foramen spinosum?
Middle meningeal artery and vein
Which bones make up the facial skeleton?
Zygomatic bone Lacrimal bone Nasal bone Inferior nasal conchae bone Palatine bone Maxilla Vomer Mandible
What are the 3 main sutures in adulthood?
Coronal suture
Sagittal suture
Lambdoid suture
What structures are held together by coronal suture?
Frontal bone and parietal bones
What structures are held together by sagittal suture?
Fuses both parietal bones together
What structures are held together by lambdoid suture?
Occipial bone and parietal bones
What are the 2 major fontanelles found in neonates?
Frontal fontanelle
Occipital fontanelle
Where is the frontal fontanelle found?
At junction between coronal and sagittal sutures
Where is the occipital fontanelle found?
At junction between sagittal and lambdoid sutures
What is the pterion?
Junction between temporal, parietal, sphenoid and frontal bones, thinnest part of skull
What structures lies underneath the pterion?
The middle meningeal artery
What happens when there is a fracture to the pterion?
The middle meningeal artery underneath may get lacerated and give rise to an extradural haematoma
Which bones make up the anterior cranial fossa?
Frontal, ethmoid and sphenoid bones
Which bones make up the middle cranial fossa?
Sphenoid, temporal and parietal bones
Which bones make up the posterior cranial fossa?
Squamous and mastoid temporal bones, occipital bone
What is a depressed fracture?
Fracture with depression of bone inside, due to direct blow to head
What is a linear fracture?
A simple break in bone transversing the whole thinkness in the bone and have radiating (stellate) lines away from point of impact, most common head fracture
