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Oral Anatomy 1 > Head and Neck Anatomy > Flashcards

Head and Neck Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

What does glandular tissue produce

A

Chemical substances necessary for normal body function

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2
Q

What is exocrine

A

duct

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3
Q

What is endocrine

A

no duct

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4
Q

What is the lacrimal Glands’ innervation

A

lacrimal nerves

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5
Q

What are the 3 major functions of the salivary glands?

A
  1. Lubricates food
  2. cleanses
  3. digestive
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6
Q

What are the 2 minor functions of the salivary glands?

A
  1. Helps with taste

2. remineralization

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7
Q

Which gland is physically largest?

A

Parotid

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8
Q

What percentage of total saliva does the parotid gland produce?

A

25%

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9
Q

What are the two types of secretions?

A

mucus and serous

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10
Q

What type of secretion is associated with the parotid gland?

A

only serous

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11
Q

Where is the parotid gland located?

A

The parotid space

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12
Q

Which gland is drained by stensen’s duct?

A

parotid gland

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13
Q

Which gland generates the most salvia and how much?

A

Submandibular 65-70%

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14
Q

Which gland is known as the ‘Gleek gland’

A

Submandibular

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15
Q

Where is stensen’s duct located

A

opposite of maxillary 2nd molar

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16
Q

Wharton’s duct drains?

A

Submandibular glands

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17
Q

What is the second largest gland

A

Submandibular

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18
Q

What type of secretion is associated with the submandibular glands?

A

mucus and serous

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19
Q

What is the location of the submandibular glands

A

the submandibular space

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20
Q

Pure mucous secretion are produced by?

A

sublingual glands

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21
Q

Bartholins duct drains?

A

Sublingual glands

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22
Q

What percentage of total saliva do the sublingual glands produce?

A

5-10%

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23
Q

What is ANS

A

automatic nervous system

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24
Q

What are the two divisions of the automatic nervous system

A

Parasympathetic innervation

Sympathetic innervation

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25
Q

What does the parasympathetic innervation do?

A

increases saliva production

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26
Q

What is the innervation of the parotid gland?

A

IX via otic ganglion

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27
Q

What is the innervation of the submandibular and sublingual glands?

A

V11 via submandibular ganglion

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28
Q

What does the sympathetic innervation do?

A

indirectly exerts its effect via blood vessels to the glands

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29
Q

Where are the minor salivary glands found?

A 
on the buccal and lingual mucosa
-soft palate; lateral hard palate
-floor of the mouth
-Surrounding circumvallate papillae
(all are exocrine/have ducts)
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30
Q

What is the largest endocrine gland?

A

The thyroid gland

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31
Q

A diffuse swelling of the soft tissues is

A

Cellulitis

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32
Q

Where is the thyroid gland located?

A

The junction at the larynx and trachia

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33
Q

Thyroid gland innervation?

A

cervical ganglia

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34
Q

How many parathyroid glands are there?

A

4

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35
Q

Where are the parathyroid glands located?

A

in the thyroid

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36
Q

What is the parathyroid innervation?

A

cervical ganglia

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37
Q

What do the parathyroid glands secrete?

A

parathyroid hormone

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38
Q

What is the thymus

A

maturation of T-cell lymphocytes

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39
Q

Where is the thymus located?

A

Deep to sternum and inferior to the thyroid

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40
Q

What is the thymus innervation?

A

branches of X and some cervical nerves

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41
Q

what are lymph nodes

A

bean-shaped bodies which are filled with lymphatic tissue and lymphocytes

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42
Q

What are afferent vessels

A

flow into vessels

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43
Q

What are efferent vessels; hilus

A

flow out of vessels

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44
Q

Describe healthy lymph nodes

A

small, soft and mobile

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45
Q

What are lymphocytes

A

functional cells of the lymph system

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46
Q

What is lymphadenopathy?

A

disease state of lymph nodes and/or vessels

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47
Q

What is tonsillar tissue?

A

mass of lymphoid tissue near airway and food passages

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48
Q

What are the superficial facial lymph nodes?

A
  1. occipital
  2. retroauricular
  3. anterior auricular
  4. superficial parotid
  5. Facial
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49
Q

Where are the occipital lymph nodes?

A

occipital scalp and base of head

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50
Q

Where are the retroauricular nodes?

A

posterior to ear

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51
Q

Where are the anterior auricular nodes?

A

anterior to ear

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52
Q

where are the superficial parotid nodes?

A

esternal ear, lacrimal gland & face

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53
Q

where are the facial nodes?

A

most facial tissues->follows facial vein

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54
Q

What do the deep facial lymph nodes include

A

deep parotid and retropharyngeal groups that drain to superior deep cervical nodes

55
Q

What nodes can not be palpated

A

deep facial lymph nodes

56
Q

What are the superficial Cervical lymph nodes

A
  1. submental
  2. submandibular
  3. external jugular
  4. anterior jugular
57
Q

Where are the submental nodes located

A

inferior to chin and superficial to mylohyoid

58
Q

Mandibular incisors drain directly to

A

submental glands

59
Q

What drains into the submental glands?

A
  1. chin
  2. lower lip
  3. floor of the mouth.
  4. tip of the tongue
  5. mandibular incisors
60
Q

Where does the submental empty to?

A

Submandibular nodes

61
Q

Where are the submandibular nodes located?

A

inferior border of the rams and mandible

62
Q

What drains to the submandibular lymph nodes

A
  1. cheek
  2. upper lip
  3. body of tongue
  4. anterior hard palate
  5. all teeth except mandibular incisors and max 3rd molars
63
Q

What does the submandibular empty to

A

Superior deep cervical

64
Q

Where are the external jugular nodes located

A

lateral to external jugular

65
Q

Where are the anterior jugular nodes located

A

medial/lateral to anterior jugular

66
Q

Where do the external and anterior nodes empty?

A

to the inferior deep cervical nodes

67
Q

Where are the superior deep cervical lymph nodes located

A

adjacent to internal jugular

68
Q

What drains into superior deep cervical lymph nodes?

A
  1. maxillary 3rd molars (1&16)
  2. posterior hard palate
  3. soft palate
  4. base of tongue
69
Q

What do the superior deep cervical lymph nodes empty to?

A

inferior deep cervical nodes

70
Q

Which space is defined by the buccinators and oral mucosa?

A

Maxillary vestibular space

71
Q

Ludwig’s angina is infection of:

A

Submandibular and submental spaces

72
Q

What are the functional cells of the lymph system?

A

Lymphocytes

73
Q

True or false: deep lymph nodes cannot by palpated

A

True

74
Q

All teeth except the mandibular incisors and maxillary 3rd molars drain directly to

A

Submandibular nodes

75
Q

Which node drains the maxillary 3rds molars

A

Superior deep cervical node

76
Q

Three examples of dental infections are

A
  1. Abscess
  2. cellulitis
  3. osteomyelitis
77
Q

Location of inferior deep cervical lymph nodes

A

deep to SCM (continuation of superior group)

78
Q

What drains into the inferior deep cervical lymph nodes

A

most lymph from the head

79
Q

Where does the inferior deep cervical lymph nodes empty

A

to the jugular trunk

80
Q

lymphatic anatomy on the right side

A

a) vessels collect into the right lymphatic duct

b) lymphatic duct empties into the junction of right subclavian and right internal jugular veins

81
Q

Lymphatic anatomy on the left side

A

a) vessels collect into the left thoracic duct

b) left thoracic duct empties into the junction of the left subclavian and left internal jugular veins

82
Q

Where do the tonsils drain to?

A

superior deep cervical nodes

83
Q

What are the pharyngeal tonsils

A

adenoids

84
Q

What are the lingual tonsils

A

at the dorsal base of tongue

85
Q

what are the palatine tonsils

A

typically seen when swollen

86
Q

what are the tubal tonsils

A

near opening to eustachian tube

87
Q

What is fascia

A

fibrous connective tissue

88
Q

where is fascia located

A

deep to skin, surrounds organs and tissues

-can be superficial or deep

89
Q

Where is superficial fascia

A

just deep to skin

90
Q

what is the function of superficial fascia

A

allows skin to move independent of deeper structures

91
Q

What is superficial fascia composed of

A

varying thickness of irregularly arranged connective tissue and fat

92
Q

Where is deep fascia located

A

surrounding bones, muscles, nerves and vessels

93
Q

What is the function of deep fascia

A

protective

94
Q

What is deep fascia composed of

A

dense, inelastic fibrous tissue

95
Q

What are the deep fasciae of the face

A

temporal, massetri-parotid, pterygoid

96
Q

What are the deep cervical fasciae

A

investing, vertebral, carotid sheath, visceral facia

97
Q

What is the definition of fascial spaces

A

Potential spaces between fascial layers (loose connective tissue)

98
Q

Why do we need to know fascial spaces

A

to understand the spread of infections and complications of local anesthetics

99
Q

Where is the maxillary vestibular face

A

medial to the buccinator and lateral to the oral mucosa

100
Q

Where is the mandibular vestibular space

A

medial to buccinator, lateral to the oral mucosa

–can communicate with the body of the mandible

101
Q

Where is the canine space

A

maxillary
deep to skin, zygomaticus minor and elevator labii superiors
canine fossa of the maxilla

102
Q

Swelling of this space can cause the eye to swell shut

A

canine space

103
Q

Where is the buccal space

A

maxillary and mandibular
lateral to the buccinator
medial and anterior to masseter

104
Q

Where is the parotid space located

A

envelopes the parotid gland

105
Q

What does the parotid space contain

A

External carotid, retromandibular vein and VII

106
Q

does VII innervate the parotid space?

A

hell naaaah

107
Q

where is the mandibular body space

A

encases mandible from symphysis to anterior edge of medial pterygoid and masseter

108
Q

What does the mandibular body space communicate with

A

vestibular space of mandible, buccal, submittal, submandibular, sublingual
–communication is easy once periosteum breached

109
Q

Where is the submental space

A

top of mylohyoid, anterior bellies of digastric, superficial cervical fascia

110
Q

Where is the submandibular space

A

medial and superior mylohyoid, superior mandible, lateral and posterior to submental space

111
Q

Where are the infections of mandibular posterior teeth generally?

A

submandibular space

112
Q

Where is the sublingual space

A

mylohyoid, mandible, oral mucosa and tongue, sublingual gland, Ludwig angina

113
Q

What are signs of inflammation

A

H-heat
E-edema
R-redness
P-pain

114
Q

What is the infectious process

A

Virulence of the organism
Resistance of the host
Dose
few other factors….

115
Q

True or false? Infection and cancer cause changes in the nodes

A

true

116
Q

What is the metastasis?

A

Spreading of cancer

117
Q

An inflammation of bone marrow causes this type of dental infection

A

Osteomyelitis

118
Q

what are dental infections/ odontogentic infections

A

Abscess
Cellulitis
Osteomyelitis

119
Q

What is an abscess

A

local area of trapped pathogens

120
Q

Where does a fistula drain

A

into the oral cavity

121
Q

Where does a stoma drain

A

outside the body

122
Q

What is a cellulitis

A

diffuse edema from inflammation-more dangerous than an abscess

123
Q

What is an osteomyelitis

A

an inflammation of bone marrow

124
Q

How does an infection spread

A

Sinus->blood stream->lymphatics->spaces

125
Q

What is sinusitis

A

usually upper respiratory tract origin

126
Q

What is bacteremia

A

bacteria in the bloodstream

127
Q

What are primary nodes

A

first nodes to drain a tissue

128
Q

Describe the boundaries and location of the submandibular space

A

Mylohyoid
Mandible
Lateral and posterior to the submental space

129
Q

Describe the boundaries of the sublingual space

A

Mylohyoid
Mandible
Oral mucosa

130
Q

What is puss

A

Liquified necrotic tissue

131
Q

What kind of nervous system stimuli and which cranial nerve stimulates parotid gland secretions

A

Parasympathetic simulation

Cranial nerve IX

132
Q

Which gland carries sublingual gland secretions

A

Bartholins duct

133
Q

Describe lymph nodes tha are responding to an infection

A

Firm mobile and tender

Oral Anatomy 1 (2 decks)

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