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Anatomy Snell > Head and Neck > Flashcards

Head and Neck Flashcards

1
Q
  1. The foramen ovale in the skull
    A. allows entrance of the spinal part of the accessory nerve into the cranial cavity.
    B. is located in the petrous part of the temporal bone.
    C. allows entrance of the middle meningeal artery into
    the cranial cavity.
    D. allows exit of the mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve.
    E. allows exit of the glossopharyngeal nerve.
A

D

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2
Q
  1. The foramen spinosum in the skull
    A. allows exit of the facial nerve.
    B. is located in the lesser wing of the sphenoid.
    C. allows entrance of the middle meningeal artery into
    the cranial cavity.
    D. allows exit of the maxillary division of the trigeminal
    nerve.
    E. allows passage only of emissary veins.
A

C

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3
Q
  1. The internal acoustic meatus in the skull
    A. is located in the body of the sphenoid bone.
    B. is located in the mastoid bone.
    C. allows passage of the glossopharyngeal nerve.
    D. allows passage of the facial nerve only.
    E. allows passage of the vestibulocochlear nerve and
    the facial nerve.
A

E

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4
Q
  1. The foramen magnum in the skull
    A. allows entrance of the spinal part of the accessory nerve into the cranial cavity.
    B. allows exit of the spinal part of the accessory nerve out of the cranial cavity.
    C. is located in the sphenoid bone.
    D. is located in the temporal bone.
    E. allows entrance of the cranial part of the accessory
    nerve.
A

A

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5
Q
  1. The jugular foramen in the skull
    A. is located in the petrous part of the temporal bone. B. allows exit of the hypoglossal nerve.
    C. is located in the middle cranial fossa.
    D. allows exit of the vagus nerve.
    E. allows entrance of the external jugular vein.
A

D

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6
Q 
26. The middle ethmoid sinuses drain into the
A. middle meatus of the nose. 
B. superior meatus of the nose.
C. sphenoethmoidal recess. 
D. inferior meatus of the nose. 
E. nasolacrimal duct.
A

A. On the bulla ethmoidalis.

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7
Q 
27. The sphenoid sinus drains into the A. superior meatus of the nose.
B. inferior meatus of the nose.
C. sphenoethmoidal recess.
D. nasolacrimal duct.
E. middle meatus of the nose.
A

C

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8
Q 
28. The frontal sinus drains into the
A. middle meatus of the nose. 
B. lacrimal sac.
C. inferior meatus of the nose. 
D. sphenoethmoidal recess.
A

A. Via the infundibulum.

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9
Q 
29. The anterior ethmoidal sinuses drain into the 
A. lacrimal sac.
B. superior meatus of the nose. 
C. middle meatus of the nose. 
D. sphenoid sinus.
E. inferior meatus of the nose.
A

C. Via the infundibulum.

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10
Q 
30. The nasolacrimal duct drains into the 
A. lacrimal sac.
B. inferior meatus of the nose. 
C. superior meatus of the nose. 
D. middle meatus of the nose.
E. Sphenoethmoidal recess
A

B. Guarded by a valve.

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11
Q
  1. All the following statements concerning the palatine tonsil are correct except which?
    A. It is related laterally to the superior constrictor muscle and the external palatine vein.
    B. The main blood supply is from the facial artery.
    C. The lymphatic drainage is into the submandibular
    lymph nodes.
    D. It is covered on its medial surface by mucous membrane and on its lateral surface by a fibrous capsule.
    E. The tonsil reaches its maximum size during early childhood.
A

C. The lymphatic drainage of the tonsil is into the jugulodigastric node, a member of the deep cervical group of lymph nodes.

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12
Q
  1. The muscles or nerves that are responsible for adducting the eyeball (rotating the cornea medially) include the following except which?
    A. The superior rectus muscle
    B. The medial rectus muscle
    C. The oculomotor nerve
    D. The inferior oblique muscle E. The inferior rectus muscle
A

D. The oblique muscles turn the eyeball laterally. (In addition, the superior oblique muscle turns the eye downward, and the inferior oblique muscle turns the eye upward.) The superior rectus muscle turns the eye medially as well as upward, and the inferior rectus turns the eye medially as well as downward (because these muscles take origin from the back of the orbit medial to the vertical axis of the eyeball). The oculomotor nerve sup- plies the medial, superior, and inferior recti and the inferior oblique muscles.

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13
Q
  1. The following statements regarding Horner’s syndrome are correct except which?
    A. Ptosis may be present because of loss of innervation
    to the smooth muscle portion of the levator palpebrae superioris.
    B. Excessive sweating may occur on one side of the face.
    C. It can be caused by injury to the superior cervical sympathetic ganglion.
    D. Pupillary constriction may occur because of loss of innervation to the dilator pupillae muscle.
    E. It can be caused by injury to the sympathetic chain (trunk) in the neck.
A

B. In Horner’s syndrome, sweating is reduced because of the loss of sympathetic innervation to the sweat glands of the facial skin

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14
Q
  1. Infection of the middle ear can spread along all the following pathways except which?
    A. Through the tegmen tympani to the middle cranial
    fossa
    B. Through the medial wall into the labyrinth
    C. Through the canal for the tensor tympani muscle
    into the internal carotid artery
    D. Through the floor into the internal jugular vein
    E. Through the aditus to the mastoid antrum into the
    mastoid air cells
A

C. The canal for the tensor tympani muscle is closed at its deep end and is filled by the origin of the tensor tympani muscle.

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15
Q
  1. Compression of the facial nerve in the facial canal in the posterior wall of the middle ear could result in all the following except which?
    A. A cessation of lacrimal secretion
    B. Paralysis of the posterior belly of the digastric muscle
    C. Inability to whistle
    D. Decreased saliva in the mouth
    E. Loss of taste sensation to the anterior two-thirds of the tongue
A

A. Lacrimal secretion is controlled by the lacrimal nucleus of the facial nerve. The fibers leave the facial nerve as the greater petrosal nerve on the medial wall of the middle ear before the facial nerve reaches the posterior wall of the middle ear.

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16
Q
  1. The following statements concerning the structures in the neck are correct except which?
    A. The parotid salivary gland contains within its substance the facial nerve and the external carotid artery.
    B. The parotid duct opens into the mouth opposite the upper second molar tooth.
    C. As the trachea descends through the neck it rests posteriorly on the vertebral column.
    D. The nerve to the mylohyoid muscle innervates the anterior belly of the digastric muscle.
    E. The hypoglossal nerve innervates the muscles of the tongue.
A

C. The esophagus, the prevertebral layer of the deep cervical fascia, and the prevertebral muscles separate the trachea from the vertebral column.

17
Q
  1. The following general statements concerning structures in the head and neck are correct except which?
    A. The sensory nerve supply to the mucous membrane
    lining the upper part of the trachea is from the recurrent laryngeal nerve.
    B. The spinal part of the accessory nerve can be injured easily as it crosses the posterior triangle of the neck.
    C. The afferent sensory nerve fibers for the gag reflex
    are contained in the glossopharyngeal nerve.
    D. The afferent sensory nerve fibers for the cough reflex are contained in the vagus nerve.
    E. The sternocleidomastoid and the trapezius muscles
    receive their innervation from the cranial part of the
    accessory nerve.
A

E. The sternocleidomastoid and the trapezius muscles receive their motor nerve supply from the spinal part of the accessory nerve and their sensory innervation from C2 and 3, and C3 and 4, respectively.

18
Q
  1. The following statements concerning the middle cranial fossa are correct except which?
    A. The pituitary gland (hypophysis cerebri) is related anterosuperiorly to the optic chiasma.
    B. The pituitary gland receives its blood supply from the middle meningeal arteries.
    C. The oculomotor nerve passes forward in the lateral wall of the cavernous sinus.
    D. The internal carotid artery passes forward through the cavernosa sinus.
    E. The abducent nerve passes forward through the cavernous sinus.
A

B. The blood supply of the pituitary gland is from the superior and inferior hypophyseal branches of the internal carotid artery.

19
Q
  1. The following general statements concerning the tympanic membrane are correct except which?
    A. It is pearly gray in color.
    B. It is concave laterally.
    C. It is crossed by the chorda tympani over the medial surface of the inferior part of the membrane.
    D. It is best visualized in the adult by pulling the auricle upward and backward.
    E. The inner surface is covered with mucous membrane.
A

C. The chorda tympani crosses the medial surface of the superior part of the tympanic membrane. The sensory innervation of the membrane is from the tympanic branch of the glossopharyngeal nerve, the auriculotemporal branch of the mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve, and the auricular branch of the vagus.

20
Q
  1. Impaired function of which of the following muscles produce difficulty in protruding the jaw?
    A. The anterior belly of the digastric muscle
    B. The lateral pterygoid
    C. The medial pterygoid D. The masseter
    E. The temporalis
A

B. The anterior belly of the digastric muscle depresses the jaw. The medial pterygoid muscle elevates the jaw, the masseter muscle elevates the jaw, and the temporalis muscle (anterior fibers) elevates the jaw. The posterior fibers retract the jaw.

21
Q
  1. Which process is responsible for closing off the nasal cavity from the oropharynx during swallowing?
    A. Elevation of the tongue to the roof of the mouth
    B. Contraction of the aryepiglottic muscles
    C. Bending of the epiglottis
    D. Relaxation of the pharyngeal constrictor muscles
    E. Contraction of the tensor and the levator veli palatini
    muscles
A

E. The tensor and levator veli palatini muscles raise the soft palate, which closes off the nasal from the oral part of the pharynx. The tensor veli palatini stretches the soft palate (like a sheet), thus allowing it to be elevated.

22
Q
  1. Sustained tension of the vocal cords (folds) is best
    achieved through the action of which of the following muscles?
    A. The cricopharyngeus
    B. The cricothyroid
    C. The aryepiglottic
    D. The salpingopharyngeus
    E. The posterior cricoarytenoid
A

B. The cricothyroid muscle, which tilts the cricoid cartilage and the arytenoid cartilages backward and thus tenses the vocal cords.

23
Q
  1. Which of the following muscles is responsible for protruding the tongue?
    A. The styloglossus
    B. The hyoglossus
    C. The genioglossus D. The palatoglossus
    E. The mylohyoid
A

C. Both genioglossus muscles pull the tongue forward. Remember that if only one of the muscles functions, the tip of the tongue points to the side of the resting or paralyzed muscle.

24
Q 
44. Which of the following nerves might be injured when ty- ing the inferior thyroid artery during operations on the thyroid gland?
A. The sympathetic trunk
B. The internal laryngeal nerve 
C. The descendens cervicalis
D. The recurrent laryngeal nerve
E. The superior laryngeal nerve
A

D. Note that the superior thyroid artery is closely re- lated to the external laryngeal nerve.

25
Q
  1. A patient has lost cutaneous sensation over the tip of the nose. Which nerve is most likely to be damaged?
    A. The facial nerve
    B. The ophthalmic division of the trigeminal nerve
    C. The greater auricular nerve
    D. The mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve
    E. The maxillary division of the trigeminal nerve
A

B. The skin of the tip of the nose is innervated by external nasal branch of the nasociliary branch of the ophthalmic division of the trigeminal nerve.

26
Q
  1. A patient has a boil on the tip of her nose. To which
    lymph nodes does the lymph from the skin of the infected area drain?
    A. Submandibular nodes
    B. Submental nodes
    C. Parotid nodes
    D. Superficial cervical nodes
    E. Tracheobronchial nodes
A

A. Note that for the patients described in questions 46 to 49, the deep cervical nodes are also palpated to ascertain if the disease has spread beyond the local lymph nodes.

27
Q 
47. A patient having lunch accidentally bit the inside of her left cheek. To which lymph nodes are infecting bacteria likely to spread?
A. Mastoid nodes
B. Parotid nodes
C. Submental nodes
D. Superficial cervical nodes 
E. Submandibular nodes
A

E

28
Q 
48. A 64-year-old man was seen by his physician for a hard- based ulcer on the right lateral edge of the anterior two thirds of the tongue. Which group of nodes should be examined by the physician for possible evidence of metastases?
A. Superficial cervical nodes 
B. Submental nodes
C. Submandibular nodes
D. Parotid nodes
E. Buccal nodes
A

C

29
Q
  1. A 24-year-old woman was seen by her ophthalmologist
    because of a red infected skin abrasion involving the lateral ends of both right eyelids. Which lymph nodes should be examined for evidence of spread of infection from the skin abrasion?
    A. Mastoid nodes
    B. Superficial cervical nodes
    C. Submandibular nodes
    D. Parotid nodes
    E. Submental nodes
A

D

30
Q 
50. Which eye muscle was paralyzed in this injury? 
A. The medial rectus muscle
B. The inferior rectus muscle
C. The superior rectus muscle
D. The lateral rectus muscle
E. The superior oblique muscle
A

D

31
Q
  1. Which nerve was damaged by the crash? A. The facial nerve
    B. The oculomotor nerve
    C. The abducent nerve
    D. The trochlear nerve
    E. The ophthalmic division of the trigeminal nerve
A

C

32
Q
  1. Which anatomic structure is most likely to have dam-
    aged the nerve?
    A. The petrous part of the temporal bone
    B. The greater wing of the sphenoid bone
    C. The lesser wing of the sphenoid bone
    D. The tentorium cerebelli
    E. The falx cerebelli
A

A. The long, slender abducent nerve (the sixth cra- nial nerve) is commonly damaged in severe head injuries. Sudden movement of the head may result in injury to the nerve as it leaves the posterior cranial fossa by passing over the superior border of the petrous part of the temporal bone to enter the cavernous sinus.

33
Q

A 59-year-old woman with a small swelling below the chin was seen by her physician. At physical examination, a single, hard swelling could be palpated in the submental triangle. It was mobile on the deep tissues and not tethered to the skin. A diagnosis of a malignant secondary deposit in a submental lymph node was considered.

53. Using your knowledge of anatomy, where would you look for the primary carcinoma?
A. The posterior third of the tongue
B. The maxillary sinus
C. The angle of the mouth
D. The center of the lower lip 
E. The lining of the cheek
A

D. The lymph from the posterior third of the tongue drains into the deep cervical nodes. The lymph from the lining of the cheek, the angle of the mouth, and maxillary sinus drains into the submandibular nodes.

34
Q 
54. To where do the submental lymph nodes drain? 
A. The superficial cervical lymph nodes
B. The deep cervical lymph nodes
C. The submandibular lymph nodes
D. The tracheobronchial lymph nodes 
E. The anterior cervical lymph nodes
A

B

Anatomy Snell (7 decks)

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