Head And Neck Flashcards
Superficial, temporal and maxillary veins unite to form what vein?
Retro mandibular vein
Where does the inferior thyroid vein drain to?
Brachiocephalic vein
What nerve supplies orbicularis oculi?
Facial nerve
What muscle adducts the vocal cords?
Lateral cricoarytenoid muscle. Causes adduction of vocal cords by rotating vocal processes of arytenoids medically.
Abduction is by posterior cricoarytenoid
Which muscle of the soft palate is supplied by a branch of the mandibular nerve?
Tensor veli palatini
This is the only muscle of the palate not innervated by the pharyngeal plexus (formed by CNIX and X)
What innervates the cricothyroid muscle?
Often called the singers muscle
Innervated by superior laryngeal nerve (Branch of vagus nerve)
All other intrinsic muscles of larynx are by the recurrent laryngeal nerve (also a branch of vagus nerve)
What innervates the stylopharyngeus muscle?
CNIX
Elevates and larynx and pharynx
Describe the gag reflex and the nerves involved.
Sensory stimulus to back of pharyngeal wall - stimulates CNIX (afferent). Vagus nerve = afferent/motor reflex.
If soft palate touched can illicit similar reflex but afferent = V3 and motor = CNX
What are the contents of the carotid sheath?
Common carotid artery
Vagus nerve
Internal jugular vein
What layer of fascia contains the parotid salivary gland?
Investing layer of deep cervical fascia
Where does the lacrimal gland receive its secrotomotor nerve supply from?
Lacrimal gland receives secretomotor parasympathethetic fibres from greater petrosal nerve via pterygopalatine ganglion.
What is the parasympathetic root for the pterygopalatine ganglion?
The preganglionic cells lie in the superior salivatory nucleus. Fibres leave the brain stem in the nervus intermedius, join the facial nerve and issue from it as the greater petrosal nerve. Greater petrosal nerve enters pterygopalatine ganglion.
What CN innervates the parotid gland?
Hypoglossal nerve (CNIX) comprises parasympathetic innervation –> otic ganglion –> auriculotemporal nerve (V3) –> innervates parotid gland –> increased secretions
Sympathetic innervation via superior cervical ganglion –> decreased secretions
Which muscle is responsible for elevation and lateral rotation movements of eyeball?
Inferior oblique
Innervated by CNIII
What nerves pass through the jugular foramen?
CNIX
CNX
CNXI
Where does the submandibular gland receive its secretomotor nerve supply from where?
The submandibular gland receives its parasympathetic supply through the submandibular ganglion. The preganglionic cells lie in the superior salivatory nucleus and their fibres leave via nervus intermedius. The fibres join the facial nerve to the submandibular ganglion passing through the chorda tympani nerve (of facial nerve).
Name 3 contents of the foramen ovale.
Mandibular nerve (V3), accessory meningeal artery, lesser petrosal nerve
Which paranasal sinuses open into the middle meatus?
Frontal sinus
Anterior ethmoidal sinus
Middle ethmoidal sinus
Where does the posterior ethmoidal air sinus open into?
Superior meatus of the nose
What is the parasympathetic root for the otic ganglion?
Lesser petrosal nerve
Preganglionic cells lie in the inferior salivatory nucleus –> leave brainstem in glossopharyngeal nerve and pass via tympanic branch to tympanic plexus. Lesser petrosal nerve emerges from plexus and joins otic ganglion forming its parasympathetic secretomotor root
What muscles of the tongue are innervated by the hypoglossal nerve?
Hyloglossus, styloglossus, genie glosses
Describe the innervation to the sphincter pupillae muscle.
Sphincter pupillae muscle supplied by short ciliary branches from the ciliary ganglion. Parasympathetic fibres reaching the ciliary ganglion arise in cranial part of third nerve nucleus I.e. Edinger-Westphal nucleus.
Where do posterior ethmoidal air sinuses open into?
Superior meatus of nose
What is the parasympathetic root for ciliary ganglion?
Preganglionic fibres start from Edinger-Westphal nucleus in the midbrain. Fibres pass through inferior divisions of oculomotor nerve, in its branch to inferior oblique muscle of eye. This passes to ciliary ganglion forming parasympathetic root
Where is stylopharyngeus muscle located?
Stylopharyngeus muscle with glossopharyngeal nerve separates inferior border of the superior constrictor muscles of the pharynx from the middle constrictor
Which muscle of the larynx is responsible for lengthening the vocal cords and what is its innervation?
Cricothyroid muscle (singers muscle) Innervated by superior laryngeal nerve (branch of Vagus)
What structures pass through the foramen lacerum?
Meningeal branch of ascending pharyngeal artery enter skull via foramen lacerum and supplies dura mater in middle cranial fossa
Inferior border of superior constrictor muscle of pharynx is separated from middle constrictor by what?
Glossopharyngeal nerve with stylopharygeus muscle.
What structure is present inferior to inferior cosntrictor muscle of pharynx?
RLN
What are the contents of the cavernous sinus?
ICA CNIII CNIV CNVI CNV1 and CNV2 Sympathetic plexus around ICA
Which area of the face is the only area not supplied by trigeminal nerve and what does supply it?
The only part of the facial skin not supplied by CNV is that over the angle of the mandible. The skin of this area is innervated by greater auricular nerve (Branch of C2/C3)
Which branch of the facial nerve is given off in the facial canal?
Chorda tympani. Arise about 6mm above stylomastoid foramen
