Head and Neck

Question 1

Sternocleidomastoid

Answer 1

A:
Unilaterally: Laterally flex the head and neck to the same side, rotate the head and neck to the opposite side
Bilaterally: Flex the neck, assist in inhalation (elevation of the rib cage)
O:
Sternal head: top of manubrium
Clavicular head: medial one-third of the clavicle
I: Mastoid process of temporal bone and the lateral portion of superior nuchal line of occiput
N: Spinal accessory

Question 2

Anterior Scalene

Answer 2

O: Transverse processes of third through sixth cervical vertebrae (anterior tubercles)
I: First rib
A: unilaterally, laterally flex the head and neck to the same side; bilaterally, elevate ribs
N: C3-8

Question 3

Middle Scalene

Answer 3

O: Transverse processes of second through seventh cervical vertebrae (posterior tubercles)
I: First rib
A: unilaterally, laterally flex the head and neck to the same side; bilaterally, elevate ribs
N: C3-8

Question 4

Posterior Scalene

Answer 4

O: Transverse processes of fifth and sixth cervical vertebrae (posterior tubercles)
I: Second rib
A: unilaterally, laterally flex the head and neck to the same side; bilaterally, elevate ribs
N: C3-8

Question 5

Masseter

Answer 5

A: Elevate the mandible (temporomandibular joint)
O: Zygomatic arch
I: Angle and ramus of mandible
N: Trigeminal (V) nerve

Question 6

Temporalis

Answer 6

A: Elevate the mandible (temporomandibular joint), retract the mandible (temporomandibular joint).
O: Temporal fossa and fascia
I: Coronoid process of the mandible
N: Trigeminal (V) nerve

Question 7

Suprahyoids

Answer 7

(3) Geniohyoid, mylohyoid, stylohyoid
A:  Elevate hyoid and tongue, depress mandible (temporomandibular joint)
O:
Geniohyoid, mylohyoid:  underside of mandible
Stylohyoid:  styloid process
I:  Hyoid bone
N:  
Geniohyoid:  C1,C2
Mylohyoid:  Trigeminal (V)
Stylohyoid:  Facial (VII)

Question 8

Digastric

Answer 8

A: With hyoid bone fixed, it depresses the mandible (temporomandibular joint), with mandible fixed, it elevates the hyoid bone, retracts the mandible (TM joint)
O: Mastoid process (deep to stenocleidomastoid and splenius capitis)
I: Inferior border of the mandible
N: Trigeminal and facial (VII)

Question 9

Infrahyoids

Answer 9

(3) sternohyoid, thyrohyoid, omohyoid
A: Depress the hyoid bone and thyroid cartilage
O:
Sternohyoid: thyroid cartilage
Thyrohyoid: thyroid careilage
Omohyoid: superior border of the scapula
I:
Sternohyoid, omohyoid, and thyrohyoid: hyoid bone
Sternohyoid: thyroid cartilage
N: C1-3

Question 10

Platysma

Answer 10

A: Assist in depression of the mandible (temporomandibular joint), tighten the fascia of the neck
O: Fascia covering superior part of pectoralis major
I: Base of mandible, skin of lower part of face
N: Facial

Question 11

Pterygoids

Answer 11

Medial and lateral
A:  Elevate and protect mandible 
O:  Sphenoid bone
I:  Mandible
N: Trigeminal